| A | B |
|---|
| Materials: masonry | any material consisting of stone, brick, or concrete |
| Materials: cement | any powdered material that, when wet, binds with stone or other hard material |
| Materials: concrete | a mixture of water, cement, and stone that hardens on drying |
| Materials: iron and glass | glass held in iron framework, used widely in 19th century commercial structures |
| Materials: steel | modern metal (iron with a low carbon content) of great strength and malleability |
| Materials: steel-reinforced concrete | concrete strengthened by steel rods or mesh. Invented in mid-19th century. Also called ferro-concrete |
| construction | technique with which a building spans and encloses space |
| post-and-lintel | most basic architectural form, in which columns support horizontal beams |
| arch | architectural form in which a curving assemblage of wedge-shaped stones spans the distance tween two columns or wals |
| truss | a triangular framework of beams or bars for supporting a roof or other structure |
| balloon frame | a cage of wood beams;typical of residential construction |
| steel cage | a cage of steel beams; a method often employed in today's large buildings; also called a steel frame |
| cantilever | a technique of construction in which only one end of a beam is supported |
| buttress | a supporting arm or post, usually to brace a wall, arch or vault |
| vault | any combination of arches that covers or encloses a space |
| barrel vault | a tunnel-like series of connected arches,m open on either end |
| cross vault | a ceiling formed by the intersection of two tunnel vaults |
| pier | a masonry support, usually square or rectangualr, for a roof or vault |
| dome | a hemispherical vault, composed of an arch rotated 180 degrees |
| arcade | a series of arches carried on piers, |
| temple | a building containing the image or effigy of a deity |
| shrine | a building that houses a sacred object or marks a sacred place |
| stupa | a mound-shaped Buddhist shrine |
| church | a place for the congregation of Christian worshippers |
| mosque | a building for the congregation of Muslim worshippers |
| pagoda | a tiered, tower-like building typical of East Asian Buddhist temples |
| classical, neoclassical | pertaining to the buildings of ancient Greece or Rome |
| mosaic | pictorial decoration made of colored glass, stone, or tile cemented to a wall or floor |
| frieze | a band of sculpted or painted decoration, usually placed high on a wall |
| fresco | mural painting applied to wet plaster |
| stained glass | colored glass held in place by metal or stone |
| arabesque | an abstract decorative motif typical of Muslim architecture |
| order | style of decorating a classical temple |
| relief | a column attached to a building wall |
| pilaster | a shallow relief column or pier |
| cornice | an overhanging ledge, adapted from classical architecture |
| molding | any shaped decorative strip |
| dentil | a toothlike cornice or molding, typical of neoclassical decoration |
| balustrade | a decorative railing |
| pedimented window | window topped by an ornamental pediment |
| palladian window | window with an arched upper section, so-called after Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio |
| style | the distinctive ways of architectural design and decoration |
| mass | the weight or bulk of a building's different sections |
| façade | the front of a building |
| plan | the diagram of a building's floor, showing walls, columns and other structural elements |
| elevation | the drawing of a building's façades as they appear from each side |
