| A | B |
|---|
| The chemical texture service that loosens overly curly hair into loose curls or waves is | curl re-formation |
| The layer of the hair that provides strength and elasticity is the | cortex |
| The natural pH of hair is | 5.0 |
| In permanent waving, the size of the curl is determined by the | size of the rod |
| The technique of wrapping at a 90-degree angle or straight out from the center is | half off-base placement |
| The two basic types of wrapping hair around a perm rod are the spiral method and | croquignole method |
| A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or removal of | oxygen |
| Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between | 9.0 and 9.6 |
| The basic components of acid waves are permanent wave solution, activator, and | neutralizer |
| An endothermic wave must be activated using an | outside heat source |
| Permanent wave solution should be rinsed from the hair for a minimum of | 5 minutes |
| The process of rearranging extremely curly hair into a straighter or smoother form is | chemical hair relaxing |
| Thio chemical relaxers usually have a pH value above | 10 |
| Hydroxide ions left in the hair after a relaxer can be neutralized using an | acid-balanced shampoo |
| Which type of relaxer contains one component and is used without any additional mixing? | metal hydroxide relaxers |
| Lithium hydroxide relaxers and potassium hydroxide relaxers and often advertised and sold as | no-lye relaxers |
| Which type of bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges? | salt bonds |
| Which type of rod is also commonly known as a circle rod? | loop rods |
| For on-base placement, the hair is wrapped at a ______ angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base. | 45-degree |
| Which of these permanent waves processes at room temperature? | ammonia-free wave |
| Chemical texturizers ____ the pH of the hair. | raise |
| When should you perform an elasticity test? | before perming the hair |
| Porous hair: | can be damaged by a highly alkaline permanent waving solution |
| GMTG, the primary reducing agent in all acid waves, has | a low pH |
| True acid waves | require heat to process |
| Ammonia-free waves | can be damaging |
| In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place within | 5 to 10 minutes |
| With permanent waving, it is recommended that you | examine the scalp before the perm service |
| With extremely curly hair, the twists are the _____ sections of the hair strands. | thinnest and weakest |
| Relaxers are | extremely alkaline |
| If the client's hair has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer, it | will not hold a curl |
| A _______ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped. | double flat wrap |
| Which type of rods are usually about 12-inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length? | soft bender rods |
| Thioglycolic acid | is a common reducing agent |
| The ______ is the innermost layer of the hair. | medulla |
| The partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head in which type of wrap? | curvature permanent wrap |
| The chemical bonds that join amino acids together are called | peptide bonds |
| A _______ is a type of perm wrap in which the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod. | spiral perm wrap |
| Which of these is a method of hair straightening that combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing? | Japanese thermal straightening |
| Which type of relaxer requires the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer? | base relaxer |
| The middle layer of the hair is the | cortex |
| Which of these terms refers to the angle at which the rod is positioned on the head? | base direction |
| A _____ is a type of wrap that uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope. | bookend wrap |
| A ______ is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases. | basic permanent wrap |
| Which of these are commonly known as lye relaxers? | sodium hydroxide relaxers |
| Which rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area? | straight rods |
| Which of these terms refers to the thickness or thinness of a liquid? | viscosity |
| The ______ is the tough exterior layer of the hair. | cuticle |
| Which of these terms refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section? | base placement |
| A ______ is a type of wrap in which the hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft. | piggyback wrap |
| Which of these stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair into its new curly form? | thio neutralization |
| Long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds are known as | polypeptide chains |
| The process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair is called | lanthionization |
| Hydrogen bonds can be broken by | either water or heat |
| The reducing agent used in permanent waving solutions is commonly referred to as | thio |
| Manufacturers add an alkalizing agent to waving solutions because the acid in them | neither swells the hair nor penetrates into the cortex |
| A pH of 7.0 is _____ than the pH of hair. | 100 times more alkaline |
| Most of the acid waves found in today's salons have a pH between | 7.8 and 8.2 |
| Which of these is NOT one of the three main components of an exothermic wave? | concentrator |
| A _____ uses an endothermic process. | low-pH wave |
| Which type of perm is recommended for very damaged hair? | true acid wave |
| What is the most common neutralizer? | hydrogen peroxide |
| When rinsing the hair for a permanent wave, it is recommended that you | always smell the hair after the recommended time has elapsed |
| Japanese thermal straightening | is sometimes called thermal reconditioning |
| Mild-strength relaxers are formulated for | fine, color-treated, or damaged hair |
