| A | B |
|---|
| Renal Cortex. | Outer layer of the kidney. |
| Renal Medulla. | Reddish-brown area in the kidney's cortex. |
| Renal Pyramids. | Striped, triangular regions in medulla. |
| Calyces. | Extensions from the pelvis that form cup-shaped areas that enclose the tips of the pyramids. |
| Interlobar Arteries. | Branches of segmental arteries which travel through the renal columns to reach the cortex. |
| Arcuate Arteries. | Curve over the medullary pyramids. |
| Cortical Radiate Arteries. | Run outward to supply the cortical tissue. |
| Nephrons. | Structural and functional units of the kidney and are responsible for forming urine. |
| Glomerulus. | A knot of coiled capillaries in the kidney. |
| Bowman's Capsule. | Double-walled cuplike end of a renal tubule; encloses a glomerulus |
| Collecting Duct. | A collecting tubule that receives urine from nephrons |
| Afferent Arteriole. | Feeder vessel that takes blood to the gomerulus |
| Efferent Arteriole. | Recieves the filtered blood from the glomerulus. |
| Glomerular Filtration. | A nonselective, passive process in which fluid passes from the blood into the Bowman's capsule |
| Tubular Reabsortion. | Useful substances are put back into the blood at the proximal convoluted tubule |
| Urea. | Formed by the liver as an end product of protein breakdown when amino acids are used to produce energy. |
| Uric Acid. | Released when nucleic acids are metabolized. |
| Creatinine. | A chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism |
| Urine. | Contains nitrogenous wastes and unneeded substances removed from blood |
| Specific Gravity. | Compares how much heavier urine is than distilled water. |
| Trigone. | The smooth triangular region of the bladder base outlined by three openings. |
| Micturition. | Act of emptying the bladder. |
| Osmoreceptors. | Highly sensitive cells in the hypothalamus that react to the change in blood composition by becoming more active. |
| Antidiuretic Hormone.(ADH) | Prevents excessive water loss in the urine by causing more water to be reabsorbed in the kidneys |
| Aldosterone. | The major factor regulating sodium ion content of the ECF and in the process helps regulate the concentration of other ions. |
| Renin-angiotensin mechanism. | The most important trigger in releasing aldosterone; mediated by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. |
| Renin. | A substance released by the kidneys that is involved with raising blood pressure. |
| Alkalosis. | The condition of a person when the pH of aterial blood rises above 7.45 |
| Acidosis. | The condition of a person when the pH of arterial blood is below 7.35 |
| Nocturia. | The need to get up during the night to urinate. |
