| A | B |
|---|
| political machines | powerful organizations that used both legal and illegal methods to get their candidates elected to public office |
| Progressives | reformers working to improve society in the late 1800s. This is still a term that is used for reformers today. |
| muckrakers | journalists that exposed the muck, or filth, of society |
| Seventeenth Amendment | allowed Americans to vote directly for their U.S. senators in 1913 |
| recall | gives voters the right to sign a petition asking for a special vote to remove an official before the end of their term of office. |
| initiative | A procedure that allows voters to propose a new law by collecting signatures on a petition. If enough signatures are collected, the proposed law will be voted on during the next election. |
| referendum | Permits voters to approve or reject a law that had already been proposed or passed by a government body. This gives the voters a chance to overrule laws that they oppose. |
| Robert M. La Follette | A Wisconsin reformer who worked to decrease the power of political machines. As governor of Wisconsin, he used experts to write new laws and work in state agencies and he made legislative votes public information. (The Wisconsin Idea) |
| capitalism | an aeconomic system in which private businesses run most industries and competition determines the price of goods. |
| socialism | a system in which the government owns and operates a country's means of production |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | 146 workers died on March 25, 1911 when workers were trapped due to unsafe working conditions on the eighth and ninth floors of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire in NYC. This disaster led to the passage of laws to improve factory safety standards. |
| Workers' Compensation Laws | guaranteed a portion of lost wages to workers injured on the job |
| William "Big Bill" Haywood and the IWW | Socialist labor leader who organized the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in 1905. Its goal was to organize all workers into one large union that would overthrow capitalism. Its aggressive tactics led to its decline by 1920. |
| Eighteenth Amendment | Banned the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages throughout the United States in 1919. |
| National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) | Formed in 1890 by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony to promote the cause of women's suffrage |
| Alice Paul | Founded the National Woman's Party (NWP) in 1913. The NWP used parades, public demonstrations, picketing, hunger strikes, and other means to draw attention to the suffrage cause. The NWP even picketed the White House. |
| Nineteenth Amendment | Granted American women the right to vote in 1920 |
| Booker T. Washington | African american leader and educator whose strategy for equality was not to fight discrimination directly. He believed that education and economic well-being of African Americans would eventually lead to an end to discrimination. |
| Ida B. Wells | An African american writer who spoke out against lynching and the lack of educational opportunities available to African american children. later, she was one of the co-founders of the NAACP in 1909. |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | African american leader who fought directly against segregation and discrimination. He believed that African americans should protest unjust treatment and demand equal rights. Later, he co-founded the NAACP in 1909. |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | An organization that called for economic and educational equality for African Americans started in 1909. The NAACP attacked discrimination by using the courts. In 1915, in Guinn v. United States, the decision made grandfather clauses illegal. |
| conservation | the protection of nature and its resources |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Progressive who took office after President Wm. McKinley's assassination in 1901. His Square Deal policy tried to balance the interests of businesspeople, laborers, and consumers for the public good. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) | Law that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of mislabeled or contaminated food and drugs. |
| William Howard Taft | Progressive who became president in 1908. He moved more cautiously towards reform than Roosevelt which angered Roosevelt and led to a split of the Republican Party in the election of 1912. |
| Progressive party | After losing the Republican nomination for President in 1912, Theodore Roosevelt and his followers formed the Progressive Party which became known as the Bull Moose Party in 1912. |
| Woodrow Wilson | A progressive Democrat who won election in 1912 because of the split of the Republican Party. He pushed for tariff and banking reforms while in office to help the working-class |
| Sixteenth Amendment | Allowed the federal government to impose direct taxes on citizens incomes in 1913. |
