| A | B |
|---|
| excretion | removal of waste made by cells/metabolic wastes. All organisms perform excretion |
| egestion | removal of solid waste, removal of undigested food. Heterotrophs/consumers perform |
| Excretory wastes | CO2, H2O, Lactic acid, uric acid, Ammonia, urea, |
| Organs of the Excretory system | Lung, liver, skin, kidney |
| Name the waste removed by each organ | lung- CO2 H2O Liver- Make urea from dead red blood cells skin- urea, lactic acid, ammonia, uric acid Kidney- salt, ammonia, urea, H2O, lactic acid, uric acid |
| What is the purpose of the excretory system | maintain a proper balance of body chemicals |
| perspiration is made up of | nitrogenous wastes (urea), salts, and water. |
| How does the skin control body temperature? | perspiration- sweat evaporates and the heat is absorbed from the skin cells. Absorption of heat lowers body temperature. |
| What are the structures of the urinary system? | Kidneys, Ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| kidneys | bean- shaped organsthat lie along the back wall of the abdomen. Made up of nephrons. The kidneys act as filtersin the removal of urea, and excess water and salts from the blood |
| ureter | transport urine to the bladder |
| bladder | stores urine |
| urethra | releases urine out of the body |
| cirrhosis | hardened of the liver, cells of the liver die, (not replaced), and scar tissue forms, decreased liver function. Causes- abundance of toxins in the blood 1) alcohol 2) drug addiction 3) hepatitis |
| gout | build up of uric acid- it settles out of the blood into the joints. This leads to inflammation and pain (uric induced arthritis) causes- hereditary, diet |
| kidney failure | occurs when one or both kidneys fail to remove excess water and excretory waste from the blood. Causes- physical damage to the kidney hereditary, infection, high blood pressure, toxin build up |
| regulation | is the life process that is responsible for controlling and coordinating all other cell/ metabolic process . allows organisms to respond to chages in our internal and external environment in order to maintain homeostasis |
| What are the three parts to nerve regulation | stimulus, response, impulse |
| stimulus | any change in the internal or external environment that an organism must respond to |
| response | the reaction to a stimulus |
| impulse | this is an electrical/chemical change that travels along specialized cells called neurons to deliver messages around the body |
| How do neurons communicate? | by transmitting nerve impulses to body tissues and organs, including muscles, glands, and other neurons. |
| neurotransmitters | These are protein chemicals released by the terminal knob of a neuron into the synapse to "carry" on impulse across the synapse to an adjacent neuron, muscle or organ. The adjacent neuron, muscle or organ must have the correct receptor proteins that receive the neurotransmitter to get the impulse. |
| acetycholine | moves muscles (causes skeletal muscles to contract) |
| serotonin | regulates sleep cycle |
| What are the three types of neurons? | sensory neuron, interneurons/ associative neurons, motor neurons |
| sensory neuron | detect stimuli found in the sense organs (eyes, ears, skin, tongue) |
| interneurons/associative neurons | found in the brain-spinal cord- neurons responsible for directing the impulse to the correct body part so we can respond correctly to the stimulus |
| motor neurons | responsible for allowing to respond correctly to stimulus by coxing us to move causing organs to function |
