| A | B |
|---|
| heterotroph | must feed on other organisms to gain energy for life processes |
| invertebrate | no backbone |
| vertebrate | backbone is present |
| exoskeleton | hard, external support structure |
| endoskeleton | internal skeleton of bone and/or cartilage |
| cephalization | concentration of nerve tissue/sensory organs at the anterior of the organism |
| coelom | body cavity for internal organs |
| notochord | flexible supporting rod in the dorsal side of a chordate embryo |
| amniotic egg | egg produced by reptiles, birds, and some mammals that contains a large amount of yolk; surrounding by hard or leathery shell; embryo develops inside without the need for an outside aquatic environment |
| therapsid | extinct order of mammal-like reptiles that gave rise to mammals |
| choanocyte | flagellate cell lining the cavity of a sponge |
| amoebocyte | amobea-like cell that moves through the tissues and body fluids of sponges removing wastes |
| spicule | needle of silica or calcium carbonate in the skeleton of some sponges |
| spongin | fibrous protein containing sulfur/composes fibers of the skeletons of some sponges |
| medusa | free swimming jellyfish-like and umbrella shaped stage of sexual reproduction of a cnidarian; also a jellyfish or hydra |
| polyp | form of cnidarian with a cylindrical/hollow body and is attached to another object |
| cnidocyte | stinging cell of a cnidarian |
| nematocyst | stinging component of the cnidocyte that is used to capture prey or inject toxins |
| planula | free-swimming ciliated larva of a cnidarian |
| proglottid | a body section of a tapeworm; contains reproductive organs |
| pseudocoelem | a "false body cavity" in rotifers and roundworms |
| mantle | layer of tissue that covers the body of many invertebrates |
| foot | appendage some invertebrates use to move; lower end of a vertebrate's leg |
| radula | rasping, tongue-like organ covered with chitinous teeth used for feeding by many mollusks |
| siphon | hollow tube of bivalves used for sucking in and expelling sea water |
| septum | diving wall or partition (example: wall between right and left chambers of the heart) |
| cerebral ganglion | pair of nerve cell clusters serving as the primitive brain at the anterior end of some invertebrates, like annelids |
| thorax | in higher vertebrates, the part of the body between the neck and abdomen; in others it is the body region behind the head; in arthropods it is the mid-body region |
| spiracle | external opening in arthropods and insects; used in respiration |
| molting | shedding of the exoskeleton, skin, hair, or feathers in order to be replaced by new parts |
| spinneret | organ that spiders certain insect larvae use to produce silky threads to make webs and cocoons |
| mandible | type of mouth-part found in some arthropods and used to pierce and suck food; lower part of the jaw |
| chrysalis | hard-shelled pupa of certain insects, like butterflies |
| pupa | immobile, non-feeding stage of between the larva and the adult of insects that undergoes metamorphosis |
| caste | group of insects in a colony with a specific function |
| ossicles | small calcium carbonate plates making up the endoskeleton of an echinoderm |
| tube foot | small, flexible, fluid filled tubes that project from the body of an echinoderm and that are used in locomotion |
| skin gill | transparent structure that projects from the surface of a sea star and enables respiration |
| swim bladder | in bony fishes, a gas filled sac used to control buoyancy |
| lateral line | faint visible line on both sides of a fish's body that runs the length of the body; detects vibrations in the water |
| gill | in aquatic animals, a respiratory structure that consists of many blood vessels and surrounded by a membrane which allows for gas exchange |
| operculum | in fish, hard plate that is attached to each side of the head, covers gills, open at the rear |
| teleost | group of ray-finned fishes that have a caudal fin, scales, and swim-bladder; largest group of bony fishes |
| tympanic membrane | the eardrum |
| pulmonary vein | carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart |
| tadpole | aquatic, fish-like larva of a frog or toad |
| Jacobson's organ | olfactory sac that opens into the mouth and is highly developed in reptiles |
| ectothermic | ability of an organism to maintain body temperature by gaining heat from the environment |
| oviparous | organisms that produce eggs which hatch outside of the mother |
| ovoviviparous | organism that produces eggs that hatch inside the mother |
| carapace | in some crustaceans, a shield-like plate that covers the body; in turtles and tortoises, the upper shell |
| plastron | bottom portion of a turtle's head |
| constrictor | snake that kills prey by crushing/suffocating it |
| endothermic | ability of an organism to maintain constant body temperature by using heat produced by metabolism |
| contour feather | one of the most external feathers of a bird, determines shape |
| down feather | soft feather that covers body of young birds and insulates adult birds |
| mammary gland | a gland that is located in the chest of a female mammal; secretes milk |
| placenta | structure that attaches a developing fetus to the uterus and that enables the exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases between mother and fetus |
| gestation period | in mammals, the process of carrying young from fertilization to birth |
| echolocation | process of using reflected sound waves to find objects; used by dolphins and bats |
| monotreme | mammal that lays eggs |
| primate | group of mammals including humans, apes, monkeys, and prosimians; highly developed brain, forward-direct eyes with binocular vision, opposable thumbs, varied locomotion |
| hominid | member of the Family Hominidae; characterized by bipedalism, long lower limbs, lack of a tail; example: Humans and ancestors |
