| A | B |
|---|
| active transport | transport of a substance against the concentration gradient |
| passive transport | movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy |
| endocytosis | movement of substances into a cell by a vesicle |
| exocytosis | movement of substances by a vesicle to the outside of a cell |
| facilitated diffusion | carrier proteins use this type of diffusion |
| diffusion | movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water |
| concentration gradient | difference in concentrations |
| ion channel | type of tranport protein that is gated |
| carrier protein | type of tranport protein that works by changing shape |
| pinocytosis | cellular drinking |
| phagocytosis | cellular eating |
| equilibrium | equal concentrations throughout a space |
| hypertonic solution | lower free water molecule concentration than the cytoplasm |
| hypotonic solution | higher free water molecule concentration than the cytoplasm |
| isotonic solution | same free water molecule concentration as the cytoplasm |
| receptor protein | protein that allows the cell to respond to information |
| second messenger | amplifies the signal of the receptor protein |
| sodium-potassium pump | necessary to maintain proper Na+ concentration in the cell |
