| A | B |
|---|
| atom | smallest part of an element that still shows the properties of the element |
| covalent bond | bond is formed when atoms share electrons |
| element | substance composed of only one type of atom |
| ion | a charged atom |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses. electrons and protons are balanced but the neutrons differ. |
| nonpolar covalent bond | bond formed when atoms share electrons equally |
| ph | measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| reactants | substances that participate in a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy need to start a chemical reaction |
| hydrogen bond | formed only between hydrogen and nitrogen or oxygen |
| subatomic particles | referring small particles that make up atoms including electrons, protons, and neutrons |
| base | substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| compound | sunstance composed of two or more different kinds of elements |
| electron | negative particle found in an atom |
| inorganic compound | compound that does not contain carbon hydrogen together |
| ionic bond | bond is formed by the transfer of electrons |
| neutron | neutral particle in an atom |
| organic compound | compound composed of carbon hydrogen |
| proton | positive particle in an atom |
| polar covalent bond | bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally |
| products | the materials that are formed by a chemical reaction |
| monomer | one sub unit ex: glucose |
| calories | a measure of how much potential energy something has |
| polymer | multiple monomers ex: glycogen |
| chemical bonds | the attraction between two atoms resulting of the sharing or transfer of outer electrons ex: chemical, ionic, covalent, polar covalent and hydrogen bonds |
| chemical reactions | involves the making and breaking of chemical bonds and are affected by pH |
| hydrolosis | the spliting of a molecule by reaction with water |
| Fuction of hydrolosis | the splitting of a molecule |
| dehydration synthesis | two small molecules are joined forming a larger molecule. A water molecule is release for each addition |
| catalyst | something that speed up a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | a protein or part-protein molecule made by an organism and used as a catalyst in a specific biochemical reaction |
| positive ion | has more protons than electrons |
| negative ion | has more electron than protons |
| radioactive isotopes | unstable, decay and give off radiation |
| valance | outer electron shell |
| molecule | smallest unit of compound composed of atoms covalently bonded together |
| Body's chemical reactions | Most will only work within a pH range of 7.2-7.6 |
| activation energy | the amount of energy it takes to cause a collision powerful enought to make or break bonds |
| Six elements found in organic compounds | C H O N P S |
| Four types of organic compunds | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |
| Carboydrate: elements | carbon & hydrogen |
| Carboydrate: monomers and function | monosaccharide glucose is a source of energy |
| Carboydrate: polymers and function | polysaccharides, starch. energy storage, cellulose |
| Lipids: elements | H, C, O |
| Lipids: monomers | fatty acids, glycerol |
| Lipids: polymers and function | triglycerides, phosolipids, cholesterol. membranes are formed and store energy |
| Proteins: elements | C, H, NH2, COOH, R |
| Proteins: monomers | amino acid |
| Proteins: polymers and functions | polypeptides, peptides bonds, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure. structural components of cells, messengers, defense against disease. |
| Monosaccharides | Carbohydrate monomers are known as monosaccharides. This group includes glucose, C6H12O6, which is a key substance in biochemistry. Sugars that an animal eats are converted into glucose, which is then converted into energy to fuel the animal’s activities by respiration |
