| A | B |
|---|
| What was influencing the politics of many city and county governments in the late 1800s? | political machines |
| What did a referendum allow voters to do? | Overrule a law that the government had proposed or passed |
| Why did employers hire child laborers? | They could pay them less than adults |
| What was the goal of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)? | To get laws passed restricting the sale of alcohol |
| What organization was founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in 1890? | National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) |
| What was Theodore Roosevelt's idea of balancing the interests of consumers. workers, and employers called? | The Square Deal |
| Which amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920? | Nineteenth Amendment |
| Which amendment gave voters the right to directly elect their U.S. Senators in 1913? | Seventeenth Amendment |
| What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Lochner v. New York? | It was unconstitutional for a state to limit workers to a ten-hour workday |
| Who was William "Big Bill" Haywood? | He led the socialist union known as the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
| What was the National Consumers" League? | It was a major lobbying group, started by Florence Kelley, for women's and children's labor issues |
| How did Tammany Hall reward its political supporters after winning NYC elections in 1888? | Using the Spoils System, it gave its supporters jobs |
| Who was John Dewey? | An Progressive educational reformer who favored teaching students critical thinking skills and problem solving skills that would help them in everyday settings. |
| Why did child labor continue even after the progressive reforms of the 1910s? | Poor families often lied about the children's ages because they needed the income, even if it was not very much |
| Why were many business leaders against women's suffrage? | They believed that women voters would support minimum wage laws and child labor laws |
| How did the Pure Food and Drug Act protect consumers? | It banned the sale and transport of mislabeled or contaminated food and drugs |
| How did Theodore Roosevelt help the conservation movment? | He doubled the number of national parks and created wildlife reservations |
| What was the main goal of the International Workers of the World (IWW)? | Overthrowing capitalism |
| What is the term for the system of giving government jobs to supporters of a candidate that won the election? | The Spoils System |
| Why did Progressives want to put an end to the Spoils System? | Supporters of a political machine got jobs that they may not have been qualified to do. |
| Which African American leader in the Progressive Era encouraged African Americans to improve their economic and educational opportunities rather than fight discrimination? | Booker T. Washington |
| What organization was co-founded by W.E.B. DuBois? | The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
| What was the "Wisconsin Idea"? | It was Robert M. La Follette's plan to decrease the power of political machines and make state governments more professional |
| What impact did muckrakers have on the Progressive Movement? | Their writings brought attention to social and economic problems and brought about a demand for change |
| How did the federal courts improve the conditions of child laborers in the 1910s? | The courts allowed the banning of interstate shipping of products made using child labor |
| What is socialism? | a system in which the government owns and operates a country's means of production |
| What is capitalism? | an economic system in which private businesses run most industries and competition determines the price of goods |
| How did the NAACP bring attention to racial inequality in its first ten years of existence? | It used the courts to fight the grandfather clause and won its case in Guinn v. United States |
| Why did many Native Americans resent Progressive reforms meant to encourage integration into American society? | Many wanted to preserve their tradional culture |
| How did many Progressive reformers view politics during the Gilded Age? | Corrupt |
| What is a ballot initiative? | It is a Progressive reform that enabled voters to be able to propose a new law by collecting signatures on a petition. If enough signatures were gathered, the proposed law could be voted on in the next election |
| Who were the two African American leaders who believed that a direct approach to fighting prejudice was necessary and publicized the cases of racial prejudice? | W.E.B DuBois and Ida B. Wells |
| What did the Pendleton Civil Service Act accomplish? | It set up a merit system for assigning government jobs and was backed by President Chester Arthur. Jobs would be awarded based on qualifications and test results. |
| What did the Women's Christian Termperance Union (WCTU) seek to accomplish? | It fought for local and state laws banning the sale of alcohol |
| What is a recall? | It was a Progressive reform that allowed voters in some states to gather signatures to remove an elected official from office. If enough signatures were gathered, a vote could take place, and an elected official could be removed from office with a majority vote. |
| What was the consequence of the deaths in the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire? | Laws improving factory safety standards were passed |
| Why did the Supreme Court uphold the right of a state to limit a woman's working hours in Muller v. Oregon? | It believed that women's health was a public concern. |
| How did Chinese immigrants find support during the Progressive Era? | Chinese immigrants created community associations that provided needed services. |
| Why did Progressives become angry at President William Howard Taft's reforms? | Progressives believed that Taft moved too cautiously against big business |
| Who was William Marcy Tweed? | He was a political boss who may have stolen as much as $200 million from NYC while running Tammany Hall. |
| What was the Sixteenth Amendment? | It was added to the Constitution in 1913 and gave the government the power to imposed direct taxes on citizens' incomes |
| What was the Eighteenth Amendment? | It was an amendment added to the Constitution in 1919 that forbade the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcohol in the United States. It started a period of history known as Prohibition. |
| Who drew the attention of the public to the lack of educational opportunities for African Americans and exposed the horrors of lynchings throughout the South in the early 1900s? | Ida B. Wells who also co-founded the NAACP. |
