| A | B |
|---|
| Justinian Code | set of laws purified by Justinian |
| monopoly | complete control |
| mosaic | pictures made from bits of colored stone |
| orthodox | officially accepted |
| icon | holy pictures of Jesus and the saints |
| patriarch | church leader |
| Catholic | "all embracing" |
| steppe | semi-dry plains |
| Islam | submitting to God's will |
| Qur'an | holy book of Islam |
| Muslim | follower of Islam |
| caliph | successor of Muhammad |
| mosque | house of worship |
| minaret | tower of the mosque |
| astrolabe | instrument that helped sailors navigate |
| Sunni | accepted the changing dynasties |
| Shiite | remained loyal to descendants of 4th caliph |
| Middle Ages | medieval period |
| pope | leader of the Christian church |
| manor | large block of land with forests, village, castle |
| serf | peasant |
| tenant | pays rent to a landowner |
| vassal | noble who agree to help king in war |
| contract | written agreement |
| feudal system | system of trading |
| Christendom | feeling that all Christians formed community |
| crusader | person who took cross as his sign |
| bubonic plague | Black Death |
| nation-state | land division with strong central government |
| Magna Carta | Great Charter |
