| A | B |
|---|
| PH | Amount of hydrogen ion in a solution |
| Prediction | What you expect will happen |
| Experiment | A test of a hypothesis |
| Contol | The part in the experiment in which the key factor is not allowed to change |
| Theory | A unifying explanation for the broad range of obersavtions |
| Metabolism | The sum of all the chemical reactions that an organism carries out. |
| Plasma Membrane | Separats the cell's contents from matierials outside of the cell |
| Ion | A cell with unequal levels of protons and electrons |
| Compound | A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| Molecule | A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| Ionic Bond | The force of attraction between a positive and negative ion |
| Polar Molecules | Molecules with unequal areas of charge |
| Hydrogen Bond | A weak bond that forms between Polar Molecules |
| Carbohydrates | Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Polysaccharides | A long chain of sugars |
| Starch | Long chain of glucose molecules |
| Glycogen | Long simple chains of glucose |
| Cellulose | A component in cell walls in plants |
| Saturated fats | they contain the maximum nimber of C-H bonds |
| Unsaturated Fats | Have double bonds in C-H |
| Steroids | Kinds of fats (lipids) |
| Proteins | Building blocks of everything in your body |
| Collagen | Most abundant protein in your body |
| Enzymes | Proteins that assist in chemical reactions |
| Amino Acids | Building blocks of proteins |
| Polypeptides | Long chains of Amino Acids |
| Nucleic Acids | Long chains of nucleotides |
| Nucleotides | These store hereditary information |
| Mitochondria | These are found in cells of eukaryotic cells, where they release the stored energy in food |
| Lysosomes | Vesicles that hold cell's digestive enzymes |
| Microtubules | Aid in moving chrmosomes |
| Phospholipid | A molecule shaped like a head with 2 tails, the head is polar and the tails are non-polar |
| Lipid Bilayer | A double layer of phospholipids |
| Cell surface proteins | Proteins within t he plasma membrane |
| Receptor Proteins | These are specialized to transmit information from the world outside the cell to it's interior |
| Hormones | Are chemicals secreted by tissues |
| Cell Surface Markers | Long exterior arms oftem with carbohydrates attached to them |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration |
| Solute | A substance that dissolves in another |
| Solvent | What does the disolving |
| Osmosis | The movement of water water do to the concentration of solute |
| Hypertonic | A cell that has more concentration than the solution |
| Hypotonic | The surrounding solution has a lower concentration of soluts than the cell |
| Isotonic | The cell and solution has same amount of concentration |
| Faciliated Diffusion | Diffusion through selective pores |
| Proton pumps | cause production of ATP |
| First Law of thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another |
| Second Law of thermodynamics | Disorder in the universe constantly increases; in a closes system, energy tends to be concerted to less organized (more stable) forms |
| Entropy | The amount of disorder in a system |
| Substrates | The rectant molecules to which an enzyme binds |
| ATP synethtase | ATP-generating protein channel |
| Calvin's Cycle | Carbon-fixing pathway |
| Hydrophilic | Polar Molecules |
| Adhesion | The tendancy to stick to other things |
| Cohesion | The tendancy to stick to self |
| Fermentation | Glycolysis without oxygen, it produces alchohol and carbon dioxide in one type and lactic acid in the other form |
| Gene | A segment of DNA |
| Chromosome | A rod-shaped structure that forms before cell division |
| Homologous | The two copies of each chromosome |
| Diploid | When a cell contains two homolougues of each pair |
| Gametes | Egg/Sperm cell |
| Haploid | A cell t hat contains only 1 homologue of each cell |
| Autosomes | The 22 pairs of chromosomes that are the same in both male and females |
| Crossing over | This happens in prophase one of meiosis, this cause genetic recombination |
