| A | B |
|---|
| confederation | Loose union of independent Phoenician city-states |
| colonies | Phoenician settlements along the Mediterranean coast |
| barter | to exchange goods or services without the use of money |
| Phoenicians | sailing and trading people who had many colonies on the Mediterranean coast |
| Lydians | introduced first coined money |
| monotheism | belief in one God |
| prophet | a person who speaks to others in the name of God |
| covenant | an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return |
| exodus | large-scale departure of Israelites out of Egypt led by the prophet Moses |
| diaspora | a dispersion or scattering of people from their homeland |
| Israelites | Descendants of Abraham who settled in Canaan and believed in one all-powerful God |
| Abraham | the founding father of Judaism |
| Moses | Prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus and received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai |
| satrap | a governor of a province in ancient Persia |
| Hittites | the first in the Middle East to use iron weapons extensively |
| Assyrians | earned the reputation as the most lethal and cruel fighting force in the Middle East |
| Chaldeans | The new Babylonians, their ruler was king Nebuchadnezzar. |
| Nebuchadnezzar | Greatest ruler of the Chaldeans who was also remembered for building the Hanging Gardens for his wife |
| Persians | conquered the Chaldean Empire under the rule of Cyrus II |
| Darius I | considered the best organizer among the Persian kings for his effectiveness at administering his empire |
