| A | B |
|---|
| nationalism | love of one's country rather than of one's native region |
| imperialism | ambition of a powerful nation to dominate the political, economic and cultural affairs of another nation or region |
| Triple Alliance | Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy |
| Triple Entente | Alliance between France, Russia and Great Brittain in the early 1900s |
| mobilize | Act of preparing a nation's army and other resources of war |
| Balkan Powder Keg | State of unrest in the Balkans that allowed the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne and led to World War I |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | xxxxxxxxxxxx |
| Archduke Francis Ferdinand | the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary; assassinated by Gavrilo Princip.. |
| Gavrilo Princip | He was a revolutionary who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His group, The Black Hand, had planned the attack |
| ultimatum | Demand in which one party threatens harmful action to another party if the other party rejects its proposal |
| belligerents | Warning nations |
| allied powers | Alliance that included Great Brittain, France, Russia, (later the Soviet Union), the United States and otehr countries during // IOP[Z |
| central powers | alliance of Germany, Austria Hungry, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire |
| artillery | Large-caliber guns used in warfare on land: "tanks and heavy artillery" heavy shelling using rifles and bayonets |
| air reconnaissance | visual observation from the air or through the use of airborne sensors like radar in the planes and balloons |
| tanks | new development; bullet proof and could knock down barbwire |
| infantry | Soldiers marching or fighting on foot; foot soldiers collectively |
| machine guns | can kill many at a time often abandoned on the field |
| Battle of the Marne | battle in northwestern France where the Allies defeated the Germans in 1918. |
| Battle of Tannenberg | decisive German victory over the Russians. |
| Battle at Gallipoli | Dardanelles campaign - the unsuccessful campaign in World War I (1915) by the English and French to open a passage for aid to Russia |
| war of attrition | slow wearing down manner of warfare in which each side tries to outlast the other |
| Total War | strategy in wichi the enemy's military and civilian resources are attacked |
| stalemate | A position counting as a draw;there is no winner |
| Lusitania | liner that was sunk by a German submarine in the Atlantic in May 1915 |
| Woodrow Wilson | led the United States in World War I and secured the formation of the League of Nations |
| Zimmerman Note | The Zimmerman Telegram aka 'note', was sent from a German official in Germany to a German official in Mexico asking him to join an aliance with Germans, the Germans told them that they would help get the USA back to for the Mexicans. it was NOT Germany asking Mexico to attack us. (the English government intercepted this telegram and, instead of showing it to the American government, they gave it to the media, this forced americaa into the war.) |
| propaganda | ideas, facts, or rumors spread deliberately to further one's cause or to damage an opposing cause |
| unrestricted submarine warfare | Unrestricted submarine warfare occurs when submarines attack merchant ships without warning rather than following prize regulations. First used during World War I, this type of warfare was highly controversial and deemed a breach of the rules of war. Resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany in early 1917 was a key reason the United States entered the conflict. |
| Russian Revolution | The revolution in the Russian empire in 1917, in which the czarist regime was overthrown and replaced by Bolshevik rule under Lenin |
| Duma | Elected Parliament for Russia; Russian name for a representative body, particularly applied to the Imperial Duma established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1905. |
| Bolsheviks | radical faction of Russia who won over the Mensheviks for control led by Lenin |
| Vladimir Lenin | Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924). |
| February Revolution | The first phase of the Russian Revolution |
| October Revolution | Russian Revolution: the coup d'etat by the Bolsheviks under Lenin in November 1917 that led to a period of civil war |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | eparate peace treaty in World War I, signed by Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, Mar. 3, 1918 |
| Civil War Reds v. Whites 1918 | Russian Civil War |
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - Soviet Union | renamed the land in Russia |
| Ferdinand Foch | French soldier, military theorist, |
| armistice | agreement signed by leaders of warring nations to stop fighting |
| Paris Peace Conference | meeting of victorious nations to write terms for the peace following WWI |
| Big Four | refers to the top Allied leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919, following the end of World War I (1914–18). The Big Four are also known as the Council of Four. It was composed of Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and Georges Clemenceau of France |
| Treaty of Versailles | Treaty between Germany and the Allied Powers at the end of WWI |
| genocide | systematic extermination of people |
| League of Nations | World organization formed after WWI to maintain peace |
| World Court | permanent court of International Justice, located at the Hague in the Netherlands |
| Weapons used in WWI | gas, artillery (rifles bayonets) air reconnaissance (balloons and airplanes) airplanes, tanks, machine guns, infantry, mining...tunnels under No Man's land |
