| A | B |
|---|
| diploid cell | 2n chromosomes found in pairs,has 2 homologues of each chromosome |
| How many chromosomes are found in a human ovum? | twenty-three |
| What is the diploid number of chormosomes found in a human skin cell? | forty-six |
| If a body cell has a haploid number of 8, how many chromosomes are there? | sixteen |
| As a result of mitosis,what do the two new cells receive? | an exact copy of all the chormosomes present in the original cell |
| What does a karyotype show? | chromosomes present in a somatic cell |
| What takes place when crossing occurs? | the exchange of corresponding segments of DNA |
| What are the molecules of DNA composed of? | Long chains of nucleotides |
| What is the function of rRNA? | to form ribosomes |
| What is the function of mRNA? | to carry instructions for making proteins |
| How does RNA differ from DNA? | sometimes single-stranded,contains different sugar molecule and the nitrogen base uracil |
| What is not found in DNA? | uracil - a nitrogen-containing base |
| Uracil is found in RNA, what is structurally similar found in DNA? | thymine |
| In RNA molecules, what is uracil complementary to? | adenine |
| How many binding sites does a ribosome use during translation? | three |
| Transfer and ribosomal are both types of? | RNA |
| What does transfer RNA do? | acts as an interpreter and carries an amino acid to its correct codon |
| During protein synthesis, where does mRNA need to migrate to? | ribosomes |
| What happens during transcription? | RNA is produced |
| Transcription proceeds when? | RNA polymerase binds to a strand of DNA |
| Genetic information is encoded in DNA and transferred to a RNA molecule during what process? | transcription |
| What happens when the primary structure of a protein has been completed? | the protein folds into the secondary and tertiary structures |
| What is a codon? | each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid |
| What happens during translation? | Transfer RNA anticodon binds to the messenger RNA codon |
| What do anti-codons do during translation in eukaryotes? | they ensure that each amino acid is delivered to its proper "address" on the mRNA |
| What is deoxyribose? | five-carbon sugar that makes up the backbone of DNA |
| What is the shape of a DNA molecule? | double helix |
| What is the process called when DNA copies itself? | replication |
| What is the enzyme responsible for making RNA? | polymerase |
| What is mRNA? | a form of ribonucleaic acid that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes |
| When is messenger RNA produced? | during the process of transcription |
| What are the nucleotide sequences of tRNA that are complementary to codons on mRNA? | anti-codons |
| What is the sequence of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids? | a codon |
| What brings amino acids during translation to the ribosomes? | transfer RNA |
| What is a double helix? | DNA molecule composed of two complementary strands of nucleotides resembling a spiral staircase |
| What does a nucleotide consist of? | a sugar molecule,a phosphate group and one of 4 possible bases |
| What are the three types of RNA? | messenger, transfer and ribosomal |
| What does mRNA do? | carries hereditary information from DNA to the ribosomes |
| What does tRNA do? | carries amino acids to the ribosomes |
| What is rRNA? | a structural molecule that becomes part fo the ribosome upon which translation occurs |
