| A | B |
|---|
| When did the reformation begin? | 1517 |
| Who did the reformation affect? | Unlike the Renaissance, the reformation affected almost everyone in Europe |
| Economic Causes of the Reformation | wealth of church was resented by various groups |
| Social Causes of the Reformation | Corruption within the church: buying of job titles and indulgences, loose living, absenteeism |
| Political Causes of the Reformation | Rulers were corrupt, worked with monarchy, conflict between popes and secular leaders |
| Catalyst of Reformation | Sale of indulgences (e.g. Tetzl) |
| What were the Protestant Movements | Lutheranism, Zwinglianism, Calvinism, Anabaptism, Anglicanism |
| Who began Lutheranism and why? | Martin Luther, he felt church was corrupt |
| What were Luther's Preachings | Justification by faith alone, Bible is only source of dogma, no need for hierarchy of church-just the worshippers, symbolic communion |
| What was the Diet of Worms? | A meeting council to try Martin Luther for heresy: he was given the option to take back what he'd done, he says, "Here I am, I can do no other." |
| Results of Luthers Preachings | They further complicated problems facing HRE, leads to religious wars in area, peasant uprisings |
| Peace of Augsburg | 1555, Cuis regio, eius religion - to each region its own religion |
| Who started Zwinglianism and what was thinking behind it? | Ulrich Zwingli, believed sacraments were a thanksgiving to G-d, became a leader of isolated communities. Became too radical for most people |
| Who started Calvinism? | John Calvin |
| What was the predestination theory of Calvanisn? | TheCalvanismperson is elected by G-d to be saved |
| Where did Calvin create a heavenly city on earth? | Geneva, Switzerland |
| Results of Calvinism | Became most dynamic protestant force |
| What did anabaptists believe in? | Rebaptism as an adult; broke away from society, world is evil, mystical communication with G-d, born again as adults |
| When did the Anglican Movement begin? | 1534 |
| How did the Anglican movement begin? Why? | Henry VIII made himself the head of the Catholic church in England by the ACT OF SUPREMACY because he wanted things the Pope wouldn't offer him |
| Why did Henry tear down the monastaries? | To fill his treasury and because they were not part of the anglican church |
| Who wrote the book of common prayer for the anglican church | Thomas Cranmer |
| Bloody Mary | Catholic Queen wanted to get England Catholic again so she married Phillip King of Spain to produce a heir, but she died in the process. |
| Queen Elizabeths religious feelings | Found theocracy boring, she abolishes celibacy, reestablishes church hierarchy |
| Results of Reformation | Majority of English people became Protestant, Opposition continued from Puritans and Catholics, Reformation took enlgand in a different cultural direction than the rest of Europe, adoped a defensive seige mentality |
| Catholic Counter Reformation Schools of thought | to compromise; to be conservative |
| When was the Council of Trent ? | 1545-63 |
| What did the Council of Trent intend to do? | make dogmatic reform, make anethema for all heretics reform church practices, reforming corruption within church and society |
| Which methods did the Council Use to Counter Reformate? | inquisition, torture, index of forbidden books, conversion, education |
| What was the womans role in the Reformation? | Could convert, kept house, taught children, worked in fields, midwifery, domestic workers, dissolution of convents, prostitution, witchcraft |
