| A | B |
|---|
| allele | an alternate form of a gene |
| codominace | condition where both alleles for a gene are expressed |
| countinuous variation | a genetic phenomenon in which a trait is controlledby several genes therefore expresses a variety of genotypes |
| cross pollination | transfer of pollen from the male structures of one plant to the female structures of a different plant of the same species |
| dihybrid cross | a cross that involes two pairs of contrasting traits |
| dominant | trait that is expressed when a allele is homozygous or heterozygous |
| F1 generation | the offspring from a cross of two different varieties |
| F2 generation | the offspring from crosses of the F1 generation |
| genetic disorder | harmful effect such as sickle cell anemia produced by mutated genes |
| genetics | study of heredity |
| genotype | genetic constatution of an organism as indecated by its sets of alleles |
| hemoglobin | component of red blood cells that binds with and carries oxygen through the body |
| hemophilia | genetic disorder that impairs the bloods ability to clot and cause excessive bleeding |
| heredity | a transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| heterozygous | refers to a pair of genes, or an individual, with two different alleles for one trait |
| homozygous | refers to a pair of genes, or an individual, with two identical alleles for one trait |
| imcoplete dominance | condition in which a trait is itermediate between two parents |
| law of independent assortment | law that states pairs of genes seperate independently of one another in mieosis |
| law of segragation | law that states that pairs of genes seperate in miosis and each gamate recieves one genetic pair |
| monohybrid cross | cross involving one pair of contrasting traits |
| multiple alleles | having more than two alleles for a genetic trait |
| mutaion | change in DNA of a gene or chromosome |
| pedigree | family history of traitsrecorded over generations |
| P generation | plants displayed in only one form of a piticular trait |
| phenotype | observable characteristicsof an organism |
| phenylketonuria | (PKU) genetic disorder in whichan individual lacks an enzyme that converts th amino acid phenylalanine into the amino acid tyrosine |
| probability | the likelyhood a specific event will occur |
| Punnett square | a diagram used by bioligists to predict the probibal outcome of a cross |
| recessive | the trait that is not expressed in the F1 generation ater crossing |
| self-pollination | process by which a plant pollinates itself |
| sex-linked trait | a trait that is determined by a gene found on the X chromosome |
| sickle cell anemia | condition caused by a muntant allele that produces a defective form of the protien hemoglobin |
| true-breeding | displaying only one form of a paticular trait in the offspring |
