| A | B |
|---|
| What happens to temperature & pressure as you go inside the Earth? | The temperature and pressure both increase |
| What are the four main Earth layers? | I Owe Ms. C. Inner core Outer core Mantle Crust |
| Lava vs. Magma | Lava: melted rock that reaches the surface Magma: melted rock that is below the |
| What's the asthenosphere? | Upper mantle – acts like cornstarch & water (wannabe |
| What's the crust? two types of crust? | the layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface Oceanic (more dense, made of basalt) Continental (less dense, made of granite) |
| What's plate tectonics? | Theory that Earth’s lithosphere is moving around |
| What are the causes of plate tectonics? | Convection (warm stuff rises, cool stuff sinks) in the asthenosphere causes motion of the lithosphere |
| What are the plate boundary types? | Convergent Divergent Transform |
| What is a ridge and how is it made? | underwater mountains; Divergent Boundary Ocean splits Volcano/oceanic mountain range |
| What is a rift valley and how is it made? | Divergent Boundary Land splits Creates a valley (drop in the land) Volcanoes! |
| How are volcanic islands made? | Convergent Boundary Ocean vs. Ocean Oceanic plate subducts, melts and creates volcanoes |
| How are "mountains" made? | Convergent Boundary Continent vs. Continent Oceanic plate |
| What's an earthquake? | Movement of the lithosphere (crust & very top of the |
| What's subudction? | When one plate goes under another (always oceanic plate as it is more dense) |
| Focus vs. Epicenter | Focus: Where the EQ starts Epicenter: The point on earth’s surface directly above the focus (start of the earthquake) |
| What's erosion? | the destructive process in which water or wind loose and carry away fragments of rock |
| What are seismic waves? | Energy of the earthquake (P, S, L/surface) |
| What's P Wave? | Move by compressing & expanding Fastest wave Goes through solids & liquids |
| What's an S Wave? | Move by going up & down 2nd fastest wave Doesn’t go through liquids |
| What are surface/L waves? | Moves in loops Slowest wave Does the most damage |
| What's weathering? | the gradual destruction of rock due to physical or chemical processes |
| What are the parts of a volcano? | Crater: Lips of the volcano Vent: mouth Magma Chamber: belly Pipe: esophagus Vent: magma @ surface |
| What are the types of a volcano? | Shield Cinder Stratovolcano or composite |
| What type of lava does each volcano have? | Shield: runny lava Cinder: thick lava Stratovolcano or composite: runny & thick lava |
| Where do volcanoes occur? | ndaries: shield is more common Convergent o vs. o: strato more common o vs. c cinder & strato |
| What are the 3 types of rocks? | Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic |
| What's deposition? | the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind that is carrying it |
| How does each type of rock form? | Igneous: melting & cooling Sedimentary: weathering, erosion, cementation Metamorphic: heat & pressure |
| What's a hot spot? | The “Lady Gaga” of convection currents which pops up lava in the middle of plates (ex: Hawaii) |
| What's pyroclastic flow? | hot lava pieces, pumices, and ash from a volcanic eruption run down the hillside floating in a hot volcanic gas |
| Shield Volcano -Shape? -Where formed? -Type of Eruptions? | Shape: like a shield – wide but can be tallest Formed: divergent Eruptions: runny lava Hawaii! |
| Cinder Volcano -Shape? -Where formed? -Type of Eruptions? | Shape: wide crater; not very tall but steep Formed: convergent Eruptions: thick lava Mexico! |
| Composite or Stratovolcano -Shape? -Where formed? -Type of Eruptions? | Shape: mountain Formed: convergent Eruptions: runny & thick lava Washington State! |
| Fault? | a break in Earth's crust (found all over plates, most common near plate boundaries) |
| Lithosphere? | Upper upper mantle & crust Solid – they are the ‘plates’ of plate tectonics |
| How do volcanic mountains occur? | Convergent boundary; oceanic vs. continental; oceanic plate subducts melts up and creates the volcanic mountain |
