| A | B |
|---|
| nutrition | one of 8 life processes->taking in of food from the environment and changing it into a form that the organism can use |
| autotrophic | one of 2 types of nutrition-> the organism can take in inorganic materials and make thier own organic materials |
| heterotrophic | the organism CANNOT make its own food and so must obtain it ready made from environment |
| transport | materials enter, leave or become distributed with in cells |
| absorption | the cells absorb nutrients into the blood stream |
| anaerobic respiration | does not require the use of oxygen to break down nutrient and release energy/energy produced in this matter is only a small amount of energy |
| aerobic respiration | uses oxygen to break down nutrients and realease energy. larger amounts of energy relesed in this process |
| synthesis | the organisms ability to combine simple substances to form more complex ones |
| assimilation | the incorporation of materials into the body of an organism |
| excretion | the removal of metabolic wastes form the organism |
| elimination | getting rid of undigested solid waste |
| regulation | activities that help maintain homeostaisis |
| reproduction | the process by which living things produce new organisms of thier own kind |
| asexual reproduction | involves only one parent in the offspring produced is identical to that parent |
| sexual reproduction | involves two parents and the offspring produced is similar but not identical to either parent |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions going on with in the organism |
| anabolism | build up processes in the body |
| catabolism | breakdown processes |
| tools of biolgists | light micrascope, electron micrascope |
| light micrascope | uses light and lenses to produce and enlarges image (simple micrascope and compound micrascope) |
| ocular | eyepiece |
| body tube | connects the objectives and the ocular |
| revolving nosepiece | multiple objective lens |
| stage | platform on which you put the specimen |
| diaphragm | controls the amount of light going to the specimen |
| light | provides light |
| base | provides stable structure which holds up microscope |
| arm | allows you to carry the micrascope |
| mechanical stage | allows you to move slide w/out touching it |
| course adjustment knob | used to bring things into aproximate focus |
| fine adjustment knob | brings things into fine focus |
| resolution | the ablility to see two objects that are closer together as seperate images |
| electron micrascope | uses a beam of electrons and magnifies up to 500,000X |
| centrification | based on density |
| micro dissection | delicate surgery, small things |
| ecology | interaction between organisms and thier enviroment |
| biotic factors | living organisms and thier effect on eachother |
| abiotic factors | non living factors |
| TEMPERATURE ie: latitude | warmer at the equator, cooler at the poles |
| TEMPERATURE ie:altitude | cooler as you go higher |
| herbivore | animals that feed on plants |
| carnivore | meat eating animals |
| omnimore | consume both plant and animal matter |
| saphorite | organisms which feed on dead organic matter |
| commensalism | one of the organisms is helped but the other is unaffected |
| Nitrogen Cycle | nitrogen fixing-free nitrogen(n2) to nitrates(NO3), nitrifying-ammonia(NH3)TO nitrates(NO2), dentrifying-nitrates(NO3) TO free nitrogen(N2) |
| ecological succession | the orderly replacement of one form of community after another until a final climax community is reached |
| primary succession | begins w/ bare rock and over time creates increasingly thick layers of soil, which will support increasingly complex plants and animals |
| tundra | closest to the poles, 9 months of winter, 3 months of growing season, winters are harsh |
| taiga | long cold winters, 4-5 months of warm summers |
| temperate deciduous forest | 4 distinct seasons |
| Grasslands | found in areas where there are not enough rainfalls to support deciduous trees,hot dry summers, very cold winters |
| desert | very little rainfall, hot days, cold nights |
| tropical rainforest | found usually near the equator |
| marine biome | most stable biome->0-32 deg.celcuis |
| 3 levels of the marine biome | benthos(organisms that live at the very bottom of the ocean),plankton(free floaters),nekton(free swimmers) |
| direct harvesting | direct removal or distruction of a species from thier habitats |
| habitat distruction | when habitats are destroyed the animals have no place to goso |
| solids | definate shape and volume |
| liquids | definate volume, indefinate shape |
| gas | indefinate volume and shape |
| atom made up of 3 main parts... | proton (+),neutron (o charge), electron (-) |
| stable atom: # of protons will =? | # of electrons in the atom |
| in an ion the # protons will not =? | the number of electrons |
| solute | gets dissolved |
| solvent | does the dissolving-water is an excellent solvent |
| starches | primary energy source for body |
| carbohydrates | sugars and starches |
| lipids | fats, oils and waxes |
| protiens | enzymes, hormones |
| nucleic acids | DNA, and RNA |
| carbohydrates are made by | Dehydration Synthesis |
| carbohydrates are taken apart by | Hydrolysis |
| Prokaryotic Cells | w/out nucleus |
| Eukariotic Cells | w/ nucleus |
| nucleus | control center of cell |
| cytoplasm | watery material that fills cell betweem cell membrame and nuclear membrane |
| endoplasmic reticulum-"EPR" | form a network of fluid filled canals that provide a pathway for cell transport |
| Ribosomes | site of protien systhesis |
| Golgi bodies | processing, packaging, and storage sites |
| lissome | found mostly in animals and few plants |
| mitochondria | power house of the cell "sit of cellular respiration" |
| microtubules | hollow, tube-like, structures serve as the "skeleton" of the cell |
| microfiliments | solid threadlike strands |
| centrioles-centrosome | near nucleus, involved in cell division in animals, found in moving cells in plants |
| cilia and flagella | made of microtubules |
| vacuoles | storage area in cells |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| equalibrium | molecules become evenly distributed throughout the available space |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water from a high concentration to low concentration |
| isotonic | concentration of dissolved material is the same inside as and outside the cell |
| hypotonic | concentration of dissolved material is greater inside the cell |
| hypertonic | concentration of dissolved material is greater outside the cell |
| passive transport | no cellular energy used to move substances in or out of cells |
