| A | B |
|---|
| dominant | trait genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor |
| genetics | study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| heredity | passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| recessive | trait genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor |
| allele | different form of a gene |
| codominance | occurs when both alleles can be observed in the offspring’s phenotype |
| gene | section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait |
| genotype | two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles of a gene |
| homozygous | having the same two alleles of a gene |
| incomplete dominance | occurs when the offspring’s phenotype is a blend of the parents’ phenotypes |
| phenotype | how a trait appears or is expressed |
| polygenic inheritance | occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait |
| Punnett square | square model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring |
| DNA | organism’s genetic material |
| mutation | change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene |
| nucleotide | molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group that forms the basic structural unit of DNA |
| replication | process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins |
| transcription | process of making mRNA from DNA |
| translation | process of making a protein from RNA |
