| A | B |
|---|
| cuticle | waxy or fatty and watertight layer on the external wall of epidermal cells |
| spore | reproductive cell or multi-cellular structure that is resistant to environmental conditions and that can develop into an adult without fusion with another cell |
| frond | leaf of a fern or palm |
| sorus | cluster of spores or sporangia |
| gymnosperm | woody, vascular seed plant whose seeds are not encased by an ovary or fruit |
| angiosperm | flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit |
| ovule | structure in the ovary of a seed plant that contains an embryo sac and that develops into a seed after fertilization |
| seed | plant embryo enclosed in a protective coat |
| pollen grain | structure that contains the male gametophyte of seed plants |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure (anther) to the female reproductive structure (pistil) of a flower in angiosperms or to the ovule of gymnosperms |
| monocot | plant that produces seeds that have only one cotyledon |
| cotyledon | embryonic leaf of a seed |
| dicot | angiosperm that has two cotyledons, net venation, and flower parts in groups of four or five |
| stamen | male reproductive part of a flower that produces pollen and consists of an anther at the tip of the filament |
| anther | in flowering plants, the tip of the stamen, which contains the pollen sacs where pollen grains form |
| pistil | female reproductive part of a flower that produces seeds and consists of an ovary, style, and stigma |
| fruit | mature plant ovary; plant organ where seeds are enclosed |
| dermal tissue | outer covering of a plant |
| vascular tissue | specialized conducting tissue that is found in higher plants and that is made of mostly xylem and phloem |
| ground tissue | plant tissue other than the vascular tissue that makes up much of the inside of a plant |
| stoma | one of many openings in a leaf or stem of a plant that enables gas exhange (plural = stomata) |
| guard cell | one pair of specialized cells that border a stoma and regulate gas exchange |
| xylem | type of vascular plant tissue that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots |
| phloem | tissue that conducts food (sugars, amino acids, mineral nutrients) in vascular plants |
| vascular bundle | in a plant, a strand of conducting tissue that contains both xylem and phloem |
| pith | tissue that is located in the center of the stem of most vascular plants and used for storage |
| heartwood | center of the tree |
| sapwood | contains the vessels for moving water through the tree, surrounds the heartwood |
| blade | broad, flat portion of a typical leaf |
| petiole | stalk that attaches a leaf to the stem of a plant |
| mesophyll | in leaves, the tissue between epidermal layers; where photosynthesis occurs |
| germination | beginning of growth or development of a seed, spore, or zygote, especially after a period of inactivity |
| meristem | cell division in this portion of the stem and roots adds to the length or width of the plant |
| transpiration | the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata |
| tropism | movement of all or part of an organism in response to and external stimulus such as light or heat; movement is either towards or away from stimulus |
| phototropism | plant growth in response to the direction of a light source |
| thigmotropism | response of an organism or part of an organism to touch, such as a vine coiling around an object |
| gravitropism | growth of a plant in a particular way in response to the pull of gravity |
| photoperiodism | response of plants to seasonal changes in the relative length of nights and days |
