| A | B |
|---|
| republic | form of government in which citizens elect leaders |
| tribune | elected representatives that protected plebeians' political rights |
| patrician | landowning class that held most of the power |
| plebeian | artisans, merchants, and farmers; could vote, couldn't hold government positions |
| consuls | Roman officials who commanded the army and directed the government |
| senate | chosen from Roman upper class; made foreign, domestic policy |
| dictator | leader who had absolute power which lasted a brief period of time |
| legion | military unit of 5,000 infantry |
| Punic Wars | three wars between Rome and Carthage, 264-146 B.C. |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general who won battles but didn't capture Rome |
| Twelve Tables | written law code, basis for later Roman law |
| civil war | conflict between groups within same country |
| Julius Caesar | popular military leader, became dictator for life in 44 B.C. |
| triumvirate | group of three rulers |
| Augustus | Rome's ablest ruler, Rome moves from republic to empire under him |
| Pax Romana | 200 years of Roman peace and prosperity |
