| A | B |
|---|
| Persian Wars | Greek city states rebel against Persia, Persia attacks Greece |
| King Darius | ruler of Persia |
| Herodotus | greek historian |
| Marathon | Persia invades + outnumbers Athens but Athens wins |
| Pheidippides | fastest runner brings news of Marathon victory to Athens |
| why do we call a long race a marathon? | Pheidippides ran 26.5 miles from Marathon to Athens |
| Thermopylae | narrow mountain pass guarded by small Spartan force keeps out Persians |
| King Leonidas | king of Sparta |
| Xerxes | King Darius' son leads Persia against Greece a second time |
| Themistocles | Greek/Athenian leader |
| Strait of Salamis | where Athenian warships trapped and sank Persian ships |
| result of Persian wars | Athens became most powerful city state in Greece + organized Delian League |
| Delian League | an alliance of Greek city states |
| Age of Pericles | golden years of Greece during the rule of Pericles |
| direct democracy | large number of male citizens directly took part is government |
| Thucydides | a historian during Age of Pericles |
| Funeral Oration | Pericles praises Athenian form of government |
| Aspasia | woman who helped Pericles turn Athens into cultural center |
| Peloponnesian League | Sparta + other cities formed because they didn't like the power of Athens + Delian League |
| oligarchy | government where power is with a few, Peloponnesian League was one |
| Peloponnesian War | Sparta invaded and surrounded Athens, plague broke out , ends Athenian greatness |
| death of Pericles | dies of plague, no strong leaders to take his place |
| Macedonia | kingdom in north rose to power as greeks fought amongst themselves |
