| A | B |
|---|
| Carbon atoms | They have 4 valence electrons and form more bonds than most other atoms. Found in more than 90% of all compounds, organic compound |
| Diamond | The hardest mineral, forms deep in the earth’s crust at very high temperatures and pressures. It’s melting point is over 3,500 C. |
| Graphite | Carbon atoms are bonded strongly in flat layers. Its surface is slippery and can be used as a lubricant. You can also find it in pencils |
| Fullerenes | Carbon atoms arranged in a repeating pattern similar to a soccer ball. |
| Organic Compound | All compounds, with some exceptions, which contain carbon… low melting point, and low boiling point |
| Hydrocarbons | Compound of only carbon and hydrogen, in any number or pattern: flammable, release energy, and mix poorly with waterCompound of only carbon and hydrogen, in any number or patternCompound of only carbon and hydrogen, in any number or pattern: flammable, release energy, and mix poorly with water |
| Molecular formula | Includes the chemical symbols of the elements in each molecule of a compound as well as the number of atoms of each atom in the compound. |
| Subscripts | The small number that indicated the number of atoms of each element in a molecular formula |
| Structural Formula | Shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule |
| Isomers | Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures |
| Saturated hydrocarbons | Hydrocarbons with only single bonds |
| Unsaturated hydrocarbons | Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds, with fewer hydrogen atoms. |
| Substituted hydrocarbons | Atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon. |
| Hydroxyl Group | Can substitute for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon…. HO |
| Organic Acid | A substituted hydrocarbon that contain one or more of the following groups: COOH |
| Carboxyl Group | COOH |
| Ester | a chemically combined alcohol and organic acid |
| Polymer | A very large molecule made of a chain of many smaller molecules bonded together • proteins • carbohydrates • lipids • nucleic acids |
| Monomers | The smaller molecule in a polymer, making a link in the chain |
| Synthetic | Molecules made in factories |
| Nutrients | Substances that provide the energy and raw materials that the body needs to grow, repairing worn parts, and function properly. Most are organic compounds |
| Digestion | The process through which polymers are broken down into monomers |
| Carbohydrate | Energy rich organic component made o carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Simple Carbohydrates | Sugars, glucose |
| Glucose | Blood sugar |
| Complex Carbohydrates | Made from a long chain of simple carbohydrates bonded to each other. |
| Starch | An organic compound which is a polymer of amino acids |
| Cellulose | A complex carbohydrate found in plant structures |
| Proteins | An organic compound which is a polymer of amino acids |
| Amino Acids | One of 20 kinds of organic compounds that are the monomers of proteins |
| Lipids | An energy rich polymer made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol. |
| Fatty acid | An organic compound that is a monomer of a fat or oil |
| Cholesterol | A waxy lipid found in all animal cells. |
| Nucleic acids | A very large organic compound made up Carbon, oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. DNA, and RNA |
| Vitamins | An organic compounds that serves as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body. |
| Mineral | A simple element needed by the body that is not organic. |
