| A | B |
|---|
| conditioning | involves associating a stimulus with a response. For example, if a smoker always lights a cigarette when s/he has a cup of coffee. |
| conditioned stimulus | A stimulus that would not by itself give rise to the desired response, but that gains the power to do so by being associated with a unconditioned stimulus |
| extinction | Occurs when a conditioned response is unlearned. |
| spontaneous recovery | When a conditioned response, that has become extinct, recovers without more reinforcement |
| Classical conditioning | Involves associating a conditioned stimulus to an unconditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response |
| conditioned response | Is the associative behavior with an conditioned stimulus |
| stimulus generalization | A response spread from one specific stimulus to other stimuli that resemble the original |
| Operant conditioning | Conditioning that results from an individual's actions and the positive or negative consequences to those actions. |
| Ivan Pavlov | Credited with doing the first research in classical conditioning |
| B.F. Skinner | Considered the founder of operant conditioning theory |
| Reinforcement | A positive or negative consequence of an act or action. |
| Negative reinforcement | An example would be getting grounded for poor grades |
| Shaping | the process of teaching a person or animal one part of a process |
| Chaining | The process of connnected "shaped behaviors" together in a sequence |
| Albert Bandura | Prominent theorist in the field of social learning |
| Observational learning | Social learning theory that says we learn habits, speech patterns and behaviors by observing others. |
