| A | B |
|---|
| Homo Sapiens | Latin for “Wise Man,” refers to humans, a group of upright walking animals that have a highly developed brain. They began to evolve in Africa 200,000 years ago. |
| Homo Erectus | The group that the Homo Sapiens directly evolved from. Lived about 1.8 million years ago and then migrated into Asia and may have been first to Europe. |
| Neolithic | Known as the New Stone Age of human technological advancements around 10,000 BC. Saw the rise of farming, domestication of animals, and the development of cities. |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | A term that refers to the part of the African continent that is south of the Sahara Desert. |
| Alluvial | A collection of loose soils and rock that is moved, reshaped, and deposited by water. |
| Caravan | A group of people, usually traders or merchants, who travel together for safety. |
| Ibn Batuta | A Moroccan Muslim known for his extensive travels and documentation of the Muslim world including Northern, Eastern, & Western Africa and parts of Europe. |
| Mansa Musa | A Muslim leader of the Kingdom of Mali in the early 1300's who made a very extravagant Hajj to Mecca. He was so rich that he donated gold to many cities along his pilgrimage and sent many economies into depression because he donated so much. |
| David Livingstone | He was a Scottish missionary and one of the greatest European explorers of Africa, whose opening up the interior of the continent contributed to the 'Scramble for Africa'. |
| Neo-Colonialism | Refers to the African economic dependency on European economies, because the Europeans stole African land, resources, and forced the Africans into horrible, cheap working conditions. |
| Berlin Conference 1884 | This regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. |
| Zanzibar | Early trading island off the coast of Tanzania. It was known for trading ivory, spices, and was East Africa's main slave trading port. |
| Boer War | Was a dirty little conflict which involved all the Boer Republics (Dutch settlers) and the British empire competing for resources (gold & diamonds) in South Africa. The Boers used guerrilla tactics and were successful early, then the British captured many women and children and put them in concentration camps (26,000 died) forcing the Boers to surrender. |
