| A | B |
|---|
| wind, running water, gravity, glaciers, and waves | agents of erosion |
| leaching | the dissolving and transport of minerals as water percolates or moves downward, through the soil |
| metomorphic rock | rocks that have been changed |
| metamorphism | caused by high heat; high pressure; hot, mineral-rich fluids; or some combination of these factors |
| location of the formation of metamorphic rock | deep within the Earth where tectonic plates meet, or volcanic activity, or compression of moutain building |
| residuum | weathered, broken down bedrock |
| residual soils | soils formed from residuum that form on the underlying parent rock |
| glacial deposits | soils picked up, moved and deposited elsewhere by the melting ice in glaciers |
| glacial drift | the transportation of the soil by a glacier |
| eolian deposits | deposits of soil due to the action of wind |
| dune sands | (eolian deposit) - strong winds transport sand and deposit it in hills |
| loess | (eolian) windblown silt deposited in valleys that were made by the floodplains of broad rivers (e.g., Mississippi R.); fertile soils |
| volcanic ash | (eolian) fine-textured, very fertile soils |
| alluvial fans1 | where a mountain stream reaches a flat valley, the sediment particles settle out forming this land feature |
| floodplains | flat, bottomlands on both sides of a stream |
| meanders | streams flow in a series of s-shaped curves |
| most common type of alluvial deposit | occurr in a floodplain |
| wetlands | good wildlife habitat, recharge the groundwater, and help filter out pollutants |
| recent alluvium | annually flooded floodplain; usually does not have well-developed profiles |
| old alluvium | (river terraces) old floodplains which are no longer annually flooded; have well-developed horizons |
| delta1 | an accumulation of sediment formed where a stream enters a lake or ocean |
| delta2 | fine sediments (clay and silt) settled out; usually swampy |
| alluvial fans2 | usually larger particles settled out; well-drained |
| lacustrine deposits | as a river enters a still body of water (lake), sediment settles out and is deposited on the lake bottom |
| marine deposits | sediments not deposited on floodplains or deltas eventually make their way to the oceans |
| colluvial deposits | soil transported by gravity or water deposited at the base of steep slopes (usually angular rather than rounded); found in NC mountain coves |
| basalt | fertile volcanic soil |
| pumice | very infertile volcanic soil |
| organic deposits | form in swamps, marshes and bogs |
| peat | organic deposits which contain identifiable portions of organic matter |
| muck | organic soils that is decomposed to the point it cannot be identified |
| chemical weathering | rocks and minerals decompose due to chemical reactions; occurs more rapidly in hot, moist climates |
| mechanical weathering | natural forces (temperature, wind, ice, water and plant roots) which physically break rocks into smaller pieces |
| relief | topography |
