| A | B |
|---|
| nostrils | fish can smell with this organ |
| barbels | fish use to feel and sense for food in murky waters "whiskers" |
| fish with barbels | catfish and sturgeon |
| fins | help fish move, maneuvr, and maintain balance |
| "paired" fins | pelvic and pectoral fins |
| caudal fin | tail fin |
| dorsal and anal fins | help fish maintain position, balance, stability |
| adipose fin | tiny rouned fin between doral and tail fins (rainbow trout) |
| scales | protects fish from injuries, scrapes, diseases (funguses) |
| annuli | grwth rings on a fish scale |
| otoliths | internal ears (also tell age of fish) |
| ctenoid scales | bass and bream |
| cycloid scales | trout and mackeral (most common type scale) |
| placoid scales | denticles (shark); like small teeth |
| ganoid scales | elongated scales on sturgeon and gar |
| slime | protects from parasites and diseases (funguses) |
| slime also: | reduces the drag in the water |
| lateral line | allows fish to sense temperature changes and vibrations in water (danger, finding food, and schooling) |
| water contains what % of the amount of oxyge found in air | 2.5% |
| gills | extract oxygen from the water |
| stream-lined shape | fast moving (trout & sharks) |
| flattened or pan shape | increases maneuverability (bluegill & butterfly; flounder& turbot = bottom-dwellers) |
| most efficient fin design for continuous fast swimming over long distances | fusiform (torpedo) & lunate (crescent) tail fin shape [tuna] |
| slender shape with fins back nar the tail provides for quick bursts and high speed over short distance to ambush prey | pickeral, gar or barracuda |
| broad shape | quick turns and good maneuverability around obstacles |
| swim bladder | most important internal structure |
| neutral buoyancy | keeps fish from sinking or floating |
| myomers | muscle segments which contract and relax |
| statocysts | fluid filled structures associated with the otoliths and lateral line - allow fish to stay upright |
| spawning | fish reproduction |
| milt | fish sperm |
| sharks, guppies, swordtails | internal fertilization (few) |
| redd | small depression made by a trout for laying eggs in a stream |
| which male fish guards the "nest" of eggs | largemouth bass or stickleback |
| fry | newly hatched fish (have no mouthparts yet) |
| incomplete metamorphosis | three developmetal stages: egg, larvae, adult |
| amphibians | live part of their life in water and part on land |
