| A | B |
| ἆρα | introduces a question |
| δή | (postpositive) in fact, of course |
| ἄν | used in some conditional sentences; used in potential optative sentences |
| εἰ | if |
| ἐάν | if |
| καίτοι | and further, and yet |
| γε | (enclitic) at any rate, at least [emphasizes or limits preceding word] |
| τοι | (enclitic) let me tell you, you know |
| εἰ γάρ | introduces optative of wish |
| εἴθε | introduces optative of wish |
| οὖν | (postpositive) then, therefore |
| ἅτε | with causal participle: speaker's assertion |
| οἷα | with causal participle: speaker's assertion |