| A | B |
|---|
| Work | the product of a force being applied over a given distance |
| Power | the rate at which work is done |
| Lever | a bar that pivots around a fixed point |
| Fulcrum | the pivot (fixed) point of a lever |
| Effort Force (Fe, EF, E) | the force that is applied to a machine by the user |
| Resistance Force (Fr, RF, R) | the force of the load being moved by the machine |
| Ae | the effort arm of a lever measured from the fulcrum to the effort |
| Ar | the rsistance arm of a lever measured from the fulcrum to the resistance |
| IMA | the type of mechanical advantage that does NOT account for friction and is calculated differently for different simple machines |
| IMA for a lever | calculated by taking Ae/Ar |
| AMA | the type of mechanical advantage that DOES account for friction |
| AMA | Calculated the same for all machines by taking R/E |
| 1st Class Lever | A lever with the fulcrum in the middle |
| 2nd Class Lever | a lever with the resistance in the middle |
| 3rd Class Lever | a lever with the effort in the middle |
| Energy | the ability or potential to do work |
| E=mc2 | Einstein's equation that relates mass to energy |
| Convection | energy is carried along with moving particles |
| Conduction | energy is transferred from one particle to another, but the particles stay in place |
| Radiation | energy waves that move without any need for particles |
| Calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree C |
| calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree C |
| Calorie | the unit of energy in which food is typically listed |
| Work | force*distance |
| Power | work/time |
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics | energy can be neither created nor destroyed |
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | as energy is used, some tends to become disordered |
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics | conservation of energy |
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | entropy |
| Mechanical Efficiency | a measure of how energy is lost from the work put into it and the work that is put out from it |
| Mechanical Efficiency | calculated by taking work out / work in * 100 |
| Inclined Plane | a ramp over which the load is moved |
| Screw | a circular or spiral version of an inclined plane |
| Wedge | a special type of inclined plane that moved through a load causing it to split, cut or spread apart |
| Wheel and Axle | a machine in which the effort is applied to one radius and it turns another part with a different radius |
| IMA for a ramp | L/H |
| IMA for a wheel and axle | radius where effort is applied / radius where the load is attached |
| IMA for a wedge | L / Thickness |
| IMA for a screw | number of threads (grooves) per unit of length |
| IMA for a pulley | number of line rope segments supporting the load |
| Work Out | Fr * Dr |
| Work In | Fe * De |
| 2nd class | a type of lever that will always give an MA of greater than 1 |
| 3rd class | a type of lever that will always give a MA of less than 1 |
| 1st class | a type of lever that can have a MA of greater or less than 1 |
