| A | B |
|---|
| Confederation | sovereign states (independent states) join for a specific purpose, such as defense, individual states can leave at any time |
| Federal System | people decide how authority will be given, the Constitution gave some powers to the national government, some to the states, some to both of them to share and some to the people |
| Federalism | divides and shares powers of government between a central government and regional governments (state governments) |
| Sovereign | authority to control government, most powerful |
| Supremacy Clause | in Constitution, makes the Constitution, laws passed by Congress, and treaties of the United States, “the supreme Law of the Land.” |
| Unitary Government | states or local governments only have powers given to them by the national government |
| Anti-Federalists | against ratification of the Constitution, thought it gave too much power to the central government |
| Federalists | for ratification of the Constitution, wanted a strong central government |
| Ratify | to confirm and approve |
| The Federalist | letters to the editor written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, in support of the constitution and a strong national government |
| Appellate Courts | a court that hears appeals from a lower court |
| Cabinet | advisors to the President and department heads of the executive branch |
| Federal District Courts | courts of the national government, settle problems between states, with the Constitution, and with laws written by Congress |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | law that created the federal court system, organized the courts and gave them their power |
| Ninth Amendment | in Constitution, states that the Bill of Rights is only some of the rights of the people, not all |
| Tenth Amendment | in Constitution, powers not given to the federal government belong to the States, or the people |
