| A | B |
|---|
| ectopic | in an abnormal place or position |
| euthyroid | state of having normal thyroid gland function |
| fructosamine | protein made at higher than normal levels in response to continuous hyperglycemia |
| glucosuria | presence of glucose in urine |
| hyperpigmentation | darkening of skin due to increased melanin |
| hypocalcemia | decreased blood calcium levels |
| ketoacidosis | a potential complication of diabetes in which prolonged high blood sugar results in accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood |
| ketonuria | presence of ketones in the urine |
| moribund | being in the state of dying : approaching death |
| plantagrade | walking/standing up with metatarsals on the ground |
| polyphagia | increased appetitie |
| prandial | of or relating to a meal |
| Somogyi effect | a rebound phenomenon occurring in diabetes: overtreatment with insulin induces hypoglycemia, which initiates the release of epinephrine, ACTH, glucagon, and growth hormone, which stimulate lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis, which, in turn, result in a rebound hyperglycemia and ketosis. |
| tachypnea | increased respiratory rate |
| aerophagia | excessive swallowing of air |
| calculus | calcium phosphate and carbonate, with organic matter, deposited on tooth surfaces |
| cholangiohepatitis | inflammation of the liver and bile ducts |
| dilatation | condition, as of an orifice or tubular structure, of being dilated or stretched beyond normal dimensions |
| dysphagia | difficulty in swallowing |
| gastropexy | surgical attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall |
| gingival sulcus | groove between the surface of the tooth and the epithelium lining the free gingiva |
| halitosis | offensive odor of the breath |
| hiatal hernia | protrusion of any structure through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm |
| obstipation | intestinal obstruction; severe constipation. |
| pica | persistent craving and compulsive eating of nonfood substances |
| plaque | soft thin film of food debris, mucin, and dead epithelial cells on the teeth, providing the medium for bacterial growth |
| ptyalism | excessive flow of saliva |
| PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
| root planing | a careful cleaning of the root surfaces to remove plaque and calculus [tartar] from deep periodontal pockets and to smooth the tooth root to remove bacterial toxins |
| SAMe | liver coenzyme involved in metabolic reactions |
| silymarin | extract from milk thistle having hepatoprotective properties |
| trocar | sharp-pointed surgical instrument, used with a cannula to puncture a body cavity or organ for fluid aspiration or relief of gas |
| tympany | low-pitched, resonant, drum like note obtained by percussing the surface of a large air-containing space |
| volvulus | abnormal twisting of the intestine or stomach causing obstruction |
| anuria | absence of urine production |
| ARF | acute renal failure |
| CRF | chronic renal failure |
| diuresis | increased formation of urine by the kidney |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| hypoperfusion | decreased blood flow through an organ |
| incontinence | involuntary leakage of urine |
| isosthenuria | excretion of urine that has not been concentrated by the kidneys and has the same osmolality as that of plasma |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram – contrast radiographic study of the urinary system (kidneys, ureters, bladder) |
| micturition | voiding of urine |
| nephron | functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule |
| oliguria | decreased output of urine |
| pollakiuria | abnormally frequent urination, usually small amounts |
| stranguria | straining to urinate |
| uremia | azotemia - accumulation of urinary waste products (e. g. urea) in the blood |
