| A | B |
|---|
| United Nations | created in April, 1945 to establish peace. |
| Potsdam Conference | Russia, England, and the US meet again to talk post war. Except FDR has been replaced by Truman and Churchill has been replaced by Clement Atlee and Stalin broke all his promises made at Yalta Conference. |
| satellite nations | countries dominated by the Soviet Union. Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland were all satellite nations. |
| containment | US foreign policy to stop the spread of communism around the world. Also known as the Truman Doctrine and "cage the tiger" . |
| "iron curtain" | Coined by Winston Churchill to describe the division of the Soviet Union and her satellite nations separation from the rest of the world. |
| Cold War | conflict between the US and the Soviet Union in which neither nation would directly confront each other on the battlefield. |
| Truman Doctrine | Named after President Truman. US foreign policy that aimed to stop the spread of communism. |
| Berlin Airlift | US and British planes flew into Berlin every two minutes to drop off food and other supplies after Stalin surrounded the part of Berlin held by the US, England and France. The Airlift lasted from June 1948 to May of 1949, a total of 327 days. |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Ten Western nations like the US, Italy, France, England, and others joined together to military align against the Soviet Union aggressions. |
| Warsaw Pact | The military alignment of the Soviet Union and its satellite nations in response to the formation of NATO. |
| Chiang Kai Shek | Chinese nationalist who the US supported against the communist, Mao Zedong. Chiang will be defeated by Mao and will flee to Taiwan. |
| Mao Zedong | Communist leader who gained the support of the Chinese peasants to win a civil war in China against Chiang Kai Shek. |
| Korean War | UN troops that include US troops will fight North Korean and Chinese Communist at the 38th parallel. |
| 38th parallel | Line fought over by the UN troops and communist troops. |
| 54,000 US dead & 67 billion dollars | The # of American who will lose their lives fighting in Korea for little to no land lost or gained. A stalemate victory. |
| Second Red Scare | 1950's hysteria that communism is spreading in America |
| Senator Joseph McCarthy | Republican senator who accused many Americans of being communist sympathizers or supporters of communism. |
| House of Un-American Activities | HUAC was an organization that investigated Americans and organizations of being communist sympathizers. |
| Hollywood Ten | Ten men who worked in Hollywood who refused to cooperate with the HUAC committee because they believed the hearings were unconstitutional. All ten were sent to prison. |
| blacklist | Hollywood executives created a list of all people in Hollywood who were rumored to be communist. They shared the list and those on the list could not find jobs in the movie industry. |
| Alger Hiss | US citizen who was found guilty of perjury for lying about spying for the Soviets. |
| Ethel and Julius Rosenberg | Couple found guilty of selling military secrets to the Soviets. Especially sensitive was detonator technology and the Rosenbergs were sentenced to death by electric chair. |
| McCarthyism | Attacks on people based on UNsupported accusations and evidence, lies, and circumstantial evidence. |
| brinkmanship | the willingness of any nation to go the brink or edge of war to get what they want. |
| H-Bomb | Created under the arms race with the Soviet Union. Hydrogen bombs have the strength of 1 million tons of TNT. |
| Central Intelligence Agency | CIA used spies to gather information abroad and to carry out covert or secret operations to weaken or overthrow governments unfriendly to the US. |
| Suez War | 1955. Egypt nationalized a canal used by many other foreign nations so others could not use it. A war ensued when France, England, and Israel seized the canal. The UN settled the dispute and Egypt kept the canal. |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | US foreign policy that said the US would defend the Middle East against any attack by a communist country. |
| Hungarian Uprising | Hungary wanted independence from the Soviet Union but the revolt was quickly stopped and its leader, Imre Nagy was executed on orders from Nikita Khrushchev. |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Like Stalin believed communism would take over the world but he believed it would be done peacefully. |
| Space Race | The US and Soviets competed to send the first satellites and man to space. |
| U-2 Incident | A U-2 was a US spy plane. US pilot Gary Powers was shot down flying over restricted Soviet airspace. He was arrested and sent to Soviet prison. Tensions between the US and the Soviets escalate. |
| suburbs | communities OUTSIDE cities with lots and lots of homes. |
| Ike Eisenhower | President of the US 1953 t0 1961. |
| Baby Boom | Between 1945 and 1964, 75 million babies are born. The largest US generation EVER and a huge threat to Social Security because they are living so long and will draw many more months of Social Security than previous generations. |
| Dr. Jonas Salk | Dr. who developed a vaccine for infantile paralysis or polio. |
| conformity | he act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to what individuals perceive as normal to their society or social group. The 1950's is a society of conformity in the US. |
| automation | The use of machines instead of people to finish jobs. It made products faster but meant less jobs available. |
| Interstate Highway | US system of Interstate or freeways were mostly all built in the 1950's. With the building of these freeways some small towns became ghost towns within months as the freeways bypassed them. |
| planned obsolescence | Occurs when manufacturers purposely design a product to fail so consumers will have to buy another one. |
| mass media | Forms of communication that reach large audiences. Examples include, radio, television, magazines, and today internet. |
| Federal Communications Commission | FCC is a government agency that regulates and licenses television, telephone, radio, and other communications. |
| white flight | term used to describe the population shift that occurred when millions of white middle class families left the cities for the suburbs. |
| urban renewal | One solution to the problems of urban city crime, overcrowded, and poor schools. |
| braceros | Mexican hired hands who were allowed to come into the US to harvest crops and then leave again. |
| camelot years | Term used to describe the three years that John F. Kennedy was in office until his assassination. |
| flexible response | Kennedy foreign policy that was aimed at more than just the threat of nuclear bombs to get adversaries in line. Instead other options would be considered too. |
| Fidel Castro | Communist dictator of Cuba who hated the US and President Kennedy. |
| Bay of Pigs | CIA trained 1,300 Cuban refugees to overthrow Fidel Castro. The US backed out of the plan at the last minute sending a clear signal that Kennedy was indecisive or weak. |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | Soviet Union sends Fidel Castro numerous nuclear missiles to point at the US. The CLOSEST the world has come to nuclear war. |
| Berlin Wall | Concrete wall that replaces a barbed wire fence in Berlin. Wall separates the free Berlin from the Soviet Controlled East side. |
| Hot line | A direct telephone line from the White House to the Kremlin in the Soviet Union so the presidents can talk directly to each other. |
| Limited Test Ban Treaty | Banned the nuclear testing in the atmosphere. A step that would ease Cold War Tensions greatly. |
| Peace Corps | Organization that took US volunteers all around the world to build schools, bridges, hospitals and teach poor nations how to modernize. |
| Tragedy in Dallas | November, 1963- Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas. |
| Lee Harvey Oswald | Assassin of John F. Kennedy |
| Jack Ruby | Man who shot Lee Harvey Oswald two days after he kills President Kennedy. |
| Warren Commission | Committee set up by the federal government to discover why Kennedy was assassinated. The commission found nothing satisfactory and Americans feel their is conspiracy about the assassination. |
| Lyndon Johnson | Vice President who becomes President after Kennedy is killed. |
| Medicare | Federal program to provide hospital insurance and low cost medical insurance to almost every American age 65 and older. |
| Medicaid | Extended health insurance to welfare recipients. |
| Immigration Act of 1965 | Ended quotas based on nationality and more non-European immigrants were allowed entry to the US. |
| Warren Court | Supreme Court that passed many decisions that changed America. This court banned state sanctioned school prayer, upheld anti war speech as legal, lawyers appointed to those arrested, the right to remain silent during arrest. |
| Great Society | Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty in America. |
