| A | B |
|---|
| heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| dominant trait | the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred |
| recessive trait | a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred |
| gene | one set of instructions for an inherited trait |
| allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such a hair color |
| phenotype | an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic |
| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also, the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
| probability | the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells (gametes or spores) |
| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |
