| A | B |
|---|
| sedimentary rock | rocks formed from compression and cementation of sediments |
| igneous rock | rocks formed by the cooling and crystallization of molten rock (lava or magma) |
| metamorphic rocks | rocks changed by heat and pressure but without melting |
| crystal | the solid form of minerals with regular shapes caused by the internal arrangement of atoms |
| intrusive (plutonic) rock | rocks that crystallize slowly inside the Earth |
| extrusive (volcanic) rock | rocks that crystallize rapidly near the Earth surface |
| felsic | light-colored low density rocks composed mostly of aluminum silicates |
| mafic | dark-colored high density rocks composed mostly of iron and magnesium |
| hardness | the ability of a mineral to resist scratches |
| cleavage | the way a mineral splits between layers of atoms |
| streak | the color of the powder of a mineral |
| luster | the way that the surface of a mineral reflects light |
| mineral | natural, crystalline substances which make up rocks |
| monomineralic | rocks composed of a single mineral |
| polymineralic | rocks composed of more than one mineral |
| rock cycle | a model showing the natural changes in rocks and sediments |
| silicates | the most common group (family) of minerals; composed of silicon and oxygen |
| banding | a type of layering (foliation) found in some metamorphic rocks |
| precipitation | sedimentary process involving substances settling out of a saturated water solution |
| organic sedimentary rock | rock formed from accumulations of plant or animal remains |
| non-sedimentary rock | rocks (igenous or metamorphic) not formed by sedimentary processes |
| cementation (natural cement) | minerals fill the pores between sediments forming sedimentary rocks |
| evaporite | a sedimentary rock deposited as minerals settle out of an evaporating body of water |
| compression | reduction of volume using pressure; process involved in forming sedimentary rock |
| recrystallization | process forming metamorphic rocks due to heat and/or pressure |
| extrusion | molten rock (lava) flowing out on the surface of the Earth forming mass of fine-grained igneous rock |
| intrusion | molten rock (magma) pushed into cracks within the Earth forming mass of coarse-grained igneous rock |
