| A | B |
|---|
| plaintiff | an individual or group of people who bring a complaint against another party in a civil case |
| defendant | a party who answers a complaint and defend against it in a court case |
| prosecution | a governmnet body that brings a charge against a defendant who is accused of breaking one of its laws |
| precedent | court decision that set a guideline for how similar cases should be decided in the future |
| Brown v. Board of Education | the case in which the Court established a precedent that made any law segregating blacks and whites unconstitutional |
| Marbury v. Madison | the case in which the Court ruled that part of the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional and established the precedent of judicial review |
| Gideon v. Wainright | the case in which the Court ruled that no court should deny a citizen the right to have a lawyer because he or she is too poor to afford one |
| judicial review | the power ofthe Supreme Court to overturn and law that it decided is in conflict with the Constitution |
| appellate jurisdiction | a court's authority to hear an appeal of a decision by another court |
| original jurisdiction | a court's ability to hear a case first |
| appeal | the request for a higher court to review a decision and determine if justice was done |
| judicial activism | an effort by judges to play an active role in policymaking by overturning laws farily often |
| judicial restraint | an effort by judges to avoid overtunring laws and to leave the policymaking to the other two branches of government |
| Supreme Court | the highest court in the United States |
| Miranda v. Arizona | the case in which the Court ruled that when a person is arrested, police must inform him or her of the constitutional rights to remain silent and to have the advice of a lawyer |
