| A | B |
|---|
| thinking | mental activity that involves changing and reorganizing of the information stored in memory in order to create new information |
| image | mental representation of a specific event or object |
| symbol | an abstract unit of thought that represents an object or quality |
| concept | a way to group objects, events, or characteristics on the basis of some common property they share |
| prototype | a representative example of a concept |
| rule | a statement of relation between concepts |
| metacognition | the awareness of ones own cognitive processes |
| algorithm | a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem that leads to a solution |
| heuristic | a rule-of-thumb, problem-solving strategy that reduces the number of operations or allows us to take shortcuts in solving problems |
| mental set | the tendency to approach a new problem in a way that has been successful in the past |
| functional fixedness | a mental set characterized by the inability to imagine new functions for familiar objects |
| creativity | the ability to use information, invents new solutions to problems, or creates original and ingenious materials |
| flexibiliy | the ability to overcome rigidly |
| recombination | rearranging the elements of a problem in order to arrive at an original solution |
| insight | the apparent sudden realization or understanding of the solution to a problem |
| language | a system of communication that involves using rules to make and combine symbols in ways that produce meaningful words and sentences |
| phoneme | individual sound that is the basic structural element of language |
| morpheme | the smallest unit of meaning in a given language, such as a prefix or suffix |
| syntax | the set of language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences |
| semantics | the study of meaning in language |
