| A | B |
|---|
| Weathering | The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances. |
| Erosion | The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil. |
| Sediment | Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or the remains of organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion. |
| Deposition | Process by which sediment is laid down in new locations. |
| Physical weathering | The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces. |
| Chemical weathering | The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes. |
| Abrasion | The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind. |
| Frost wedging | Process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands. |
| Oxidation | A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust. |
| Permeable | Characteristic of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily. |
| Topography | The shape of the land determined by elevation, relief, and landforms. |
| Elevation | Height above sea level. |
| Relief | A difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area. |
| Landform | A feature of topography formed by the processes that shape Earth’s surface |
| Plain | A landform made up of flat or gently rolling land with low relief. |
| Mountain | A landform with high elevation and high relief. |
| Mountain range | A group of mountains that are closely related in shape, structure, area, and age. |
| Plateau | A large landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface. |
| Landform region | A large area of land where the topography is made up of mainly one type of landform. |
| Gravity | The force that moves objects downhill. |
| Mass movement | Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill. |
