| A | B |
|---|
| UNITARY | the central government holds most of the power. Example: a monarchy where the king makes the decisions; sometimes with the help of his advisors. |
| CONFEDERATION | the local or regional governments hold all the power. Example: the United Nations where decisions are made when the member nations agree. |
| FEDERAL GOVERNMENT | power is shared between national and local governments. It consists of an executive, legislative and judicial branches. |
| Autocractic (Autocracy) | an individual ruler, like a dictator, makes most of the imporatant government decisions and the people have little or no say. |
| Oligarchic (Oligarchy) | a small group makes all the government decisions with no citizen participation. |
| Democractic (democracy) | the people play a role in deciding who rules. If they feel their rights have been voilated they can ask the government for help in correcting the situation. |
| Paliamentary and Presidential | two forms of democratic government. |
| Parliamentary Government | a democractic form of government in which the people vote for those who represent the political party they feel best represents their view. |
| Prime Minister | head of the Parlimentary government; usually chosen by the party that wins the most seats in the legislature. Must answer directly to the legislature. |
| Presidential Government | a president or chief executive is chosen separately from the ledgislature; his job is to ENFORCE the laws passed by the legislature. |
| President | the Head of State and the Head of the Government. |
| Difference between President and Prime Minister | President is separate from the legislature, while a Prime Minister answers directly to the legislature |
| Kenya and South Africa government | they are both Republics but work in different ways. |
| Literacy Rate | the persent of people in a country who can read and write. |
| GDP (Gross Domestic Product) | the value of all goods and services produced within a nation of country in a year. |
| Traditional Economy | economic decisions are based on ritual, habit or custom. Subsistence farmers often used traditional economies when trading or bartering. |
| Subsistence Farming | growing just enough food to feed your family. |
| Command Economy | economic decisions are made by a government or government group. |
| Market Economy | economic decisions are made by individuals who decide what to produce, and what to buy. |
| Mixed Economy | an economy that has characteristics of both market and command economies and sometimes traditional aspects |
| Specialization | products (services) a country makes best and that are in demand on the world market. |
| TRADE BARRIERS | anything that slows down or prevents one country from exchanging goods with another. |
| Tariff | a tax placed on goods when they are brought into one country from another country. |
| Quota | a limit on the amount of foreign goods allowed into a country |
| Embargo | a halt to trade with a particular country for economic or political reasons; an embargo was used against South Africa when they practiced the policy of APARTHEID in order to apply pressure to end it. |
| Human Captial | the knowledge and skills that people possess that make it possible for them to earn a living production goods or services. |
| Captial Goods | the factories, machines and technology that people use to make products to sell. |
| Entrepreneur | creative, original thinkers who are willing to invest their own money in creating a new business or product. |
| Aswan High Dam | built on the Nile River and has allowed year-round irrigation so Eqypt's farmers can grow 3 crops instead of 1. |
| Silt | rich topsoil carried from one location to another by floodwaters. |
| Water Wars in Africa | competition among countries that share a river system. |
| Deforestation | the cutting down or destruction of trees and other vegetation. |
| Green Line | the place where cultivated land ends and the desert begins. |
| Desertification | the process of the desert expanding into areas that had formerly been farmland. |
| Oasis | usually found in desert areas where a small area of trees and limited water are available to water animals and grow a few crops. |
| Nomad(s) | a person or group that wanders from place to place to find food and water. |
| Tuareg | a nomadic tribe found in the Sahara Desert. |
| Savanna | a vast area of grasslands; Africa has the largest Savanna in the world; orver half of Africa is Savanna. |
| Imperialism | a system of acquiring colonies to provide raw materials for a stronger country. |
| Assimilation | giving up one's own customs and adopting those of another culture. |
| Indirect Rule | foreign countries used local chiefs to be their "enforcers" as they acquire a new country. |
| ETHNIC GROUP | a group of people who share cultural ideas and beliefs that have been a part of their community for generations; they may share a language, religion, history, foods, stories, beliefs and celebrations. |
| RELIGIOUS GROUP | share a belief system in a god or gods with a specific set of rituals and literature; people from different ethnic groups may share the same religion through they may be from very different cultures. |
| Arab | Muslims from Middle East mover to Africa taking thier Muslim relgion with them; one in Africa the inter-married wit |
