| A | B |
|---|
| groundwater | water located within the rocks BELOW Earth's surface |
| Groundwater is important because | it is a resource AND plays a role in erosion and deposition |
| zone of AERation | UPPER zone that rainwater passes through. Spaces are filled with AIR and water |
| zone of saturation | deeper zone where water collects. Spaces here are filled wiht water |
| water table | BOUNDARY between the zone of aeration and the zone of saturation |
| the water table ______during wet seasons | rises |
| the water table _____during dry seasons | falls |
| The water table can be | in different places at different times |
| aquifer | body of rock or sediment that STORES groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater |
| An aquifer can be described by | porosity and permeability |
| PORosity | the % of te TOTAL VOLUME of a rock or sediment that consists of OPEN SPACES |
| permeABILITY | the ABILITY of a rock or sediment to let fluids PASS THRU its open spaces, or PORES |
| The more pores between particles in an aquifer | the more water the aquifer can hold |
| Porosity is influenced by | the differences in SIZES of the particles of the rock layer |
| a rock that STOPS the flow of water | IMpermeable |
| The lager the rock particles | the more permeable the rock layer is |
| friction | the force that causes movinf objects to SLOW down |
| Less friction | allows the water to flow more easilt thru the rock |
| The BEST aquifers form | in permeable materials such as sandstone, limestone or layers of sand and gravel |
| aquifers depend on _________ to maintain a constant flow of water | the water cycle |
| recharge zone | an area in which water travels downwards to become part of an aquifer |
| Where is the zone of areation located? | Underground, ABOVE the water table |
| What affects the size of a recharge zone? | How permeable the rock is above it |
| groundwater tens to move | downslope (downhill) towards lower elevations |
| spring | where the water table naturally REACHES the Earth's SURFACE and flows out of the ground |
| lakes form | where the water table is HIGHER than the Earth's surface |
| artesian formation | a sloping layer of permeable rock sandwiched between TWO layers of IMpermeable rock |
| cap rock | the top layer of iompermeable rock in an artesian formation |
| artesian spring | a spring whose water flows from a crack in the cap over the aquifer |
| most springs | have COOL water |
| hot springs | springs that come from DEEP within the Earth where it is hot |
| well | HUMAN MADE hole that is deeper than teh level of the water table |
| a well must be deeper than the water table | for it to reach water and not DRY UP |
| groundwater causes erosion | by DISSOLVING rock |
| when undergroung erosion occurs | caves form |
| stalacites | sharp ice cicle formations on cave ceilings |
| stalagmaites | cone shaped formations created by water that falls to the cave's floor |
| dripstone column | when water drips long enough to join the stalacites ans stalagmites together |
| sinkhole | circular depression caused by a collapsed cave |
| groundwater contains | weak acids that dissolve rock |
