| A | B |
|---|
| excretion | the process of eliminating wastes |
| regulation | The adaption of form or behavior of an organism to changed conditions. |
| impulse | 1. The act of impelling, or driving onward with sudden force; impulsion; especially, force so communicated as to produced motion suddenly, or immediately. |
| neuron | cell that transmits nerve impulses |
| neurotransmitter | signal molecule that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse |
| receptor protein | protein that binds to specific signal molecules, causing the cell to respond |
| dendrites | cytoplasmic extension of a neuron that receives stimuli |
| homeostasis | the maintenance of stable internal conditions in spite of changes in the external environment |
| cerebrum | largest portion of the brain; center of memory,learning, emotion, and other complex functions |
| cerebellum | region of the brain that controls coordintaion and balance |
| medulla | relays information throughout the CNS and play an important role in homeostasis by regulating vital functions such as heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature, and sleep. |
| myelin sheath | covers axons of many neurons. Increases the speed of nerve impulses. |
| stimulus | 1.Something causing or regarded as causing a response. |
| response | An action or movement due to the application of a stimulus. |
| hormones | substance secreted by cells that acts to regulate the activity of other cells |
| glands | organ specialised for secretion by the infolding of an epithelial sheet. |
| pancreas | A tongue-shaped glandular organ lying below and behind the stomach. |
| insulin | amino-acid-based hormone produced by islets of Langerhans in the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the accumulation of glycogen in the liver |
| feedback mechanism | (2) A process in which the level of one substance influences the level of another substance. |
| target cells | a specific cell a hormone binds to and acts on to produce a specific effect |
| mitosis | process during cell division in which the nucleus of a celldivides into two nuclei, each with the same number and kind of chromosomes |
| meiosis | process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell completes two successive divisions that produce four cells(gametes), each with a chromosome number that has been reduced by half |
| gonads | The sex organ producing gametes |
| gametes | haploid cell that participates in fertilization by fusing with another haploid cell |
| chromosome | structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located |
| DNA | (deoxyribonucleic acid) double stranded, helical nucleic acid that stores hereditary information |
| gene | section of a chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that involves only one parent and results in genetically identical offspring |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction in which gametes from opposite sexes or mating types unite to form a zygote |
| differentiation | process in which the cells of a multicellular individual become specialized during development |
| estrogen | a steroid hormone, produced mainly in the ovaries, that stimulates estrus and the development of female secondary sexual characteristics |
| progestterone | a sex hormone produced in women, first by the corpus luteum of the ovary to prepare the womb for the fertilized ovum, and later by the placenta to maintain pregnancy. |
| fertilization | process by which haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote |
| placenta | organ through which the mother nourishes an embryo or fetus |
| testosterone | a male steroid hormone produced in the testicles and responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics. |
| uterus | a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of female mammals, in which the embryo is nourished and develops before birth |
| zygote | The cell formed by the union of two gametes, especially a fertilized ovum before cleavage. |
| crossing over | occurs when portions of a chromatid on one homologous chromosome are broken and exchanged with the corresponding portions on one of the chromatids of the other homologous chromosome |
| menstrual cycle | series of hormone induced changes that prepare the uterine lining for a possible pregnancy each month |
| in vitro fertilization | fertilization of an ovum by sperm outside the body when normal conception is not achievable |
| cloning | organism produced by asexual reproduction that is genetically identical to its parent |
