| A | B |
|---|
| William the Conqueror | leader of the Norman Conquest |
| Henry II | created Common Law |
| King John | signed the Magna Carta |
| Parliament | gained power from the Magna Carta |
| Hugh Capet | established the French throne in Paris |
| Joan of Arc | was an unifying factor for France |
| Ferdinand & Isabella | unified Spain and expelled Jews and Moors |
| Philip II | expanded the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere |
| Ivan the Great | threw off the rule of the Mongols |
| Tsar | king of Russia |
| Orthodox Church | Mostly Eastern Europeans Church |
| Catholic Church | Mostly Western European Church |
| Pope Urban II | first key event of the Crusades |
| Jerusalem | city holy to Jews |
| Pope | leader of Catholic Church |
| Patriarch | leader of the Orthodox Church |
| Mongol armies | invaded Russia |
| Constantinople | fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 & became the capital of the Ottoman Empire |
| Black Death | Bubonic Plague |
| Church scholars | the few who could read and write |
