| A | B |
|---|
| Antonym | word that means the opposite |
| sensory details | what you hear, see, feel, smell, taste |
| foreshadowing | clues that let you predict what will happen later in the story |
| inferences | invisible facts; things you know are true but aren't stated in the story |
| folk tales | a story that has been passed down from one generation to the next; usually has some truth to it |
| fables | a short tale that teaches a theme or moral (lesson); usually includes animals |
| fiction | not real |
| nonfiction | real |
| rhyme in poetry | look for rhyming words at the end of lines; pattern is usually ABAB; this means every other line rhymes |
| rhythm in poetry | think of the beat like a song; you need to read it out loud to get this |
| repetition in poetry | things that are stated over and over |
| topic sentence | the first sentence in a paragraph; states the main idea |
| concluding sentence | last sentence in a paragraph |
| illustrations | pictures |
| cause and effect | If this happens, then this will happen; think about how experiments are run |
| inferences | invisible fact |
| fact | can be proven; doesn't contain lots of adjectives |
| opinion | there will be disagreement about this; lots of words like BEST, THINK, WORST, UGLIEST |
| contrast | differences between two things |
| compare | similarities between two things |
| chronological order | putthing things in order using words like first, second, third, next, finally |
| pre | before |
| re | again, back |
| un | not |
| dis | not |
| co, con | with, together |
| trans | across |
| sub | under |
| il, im, in | in, into, not |
| mis | error |
| inter | between, among |
| synonym | words that mean the same |
| homophone | words that sound the same but have different meanings |
| spect | look or see |
| dict | say, speak, tell |
| chron | time |
| therm | heat or temperature |
| script | write |
| legis | law |
| habit | live or life |
| bio | life |
| geo | Earth |
| astro | star |
| prefix | something you add to the front of a word that helps to provide it with a meaning; examples include pre, re, and un |
| suffix | Things you add to the end of a word that help to give it a meaning like less, full, ology, ism |
| root word | the foundation or middle part of a word that includes a prefix or suffix; examples include astrology or prescription |
| compare and contrast writing | writing that looks at the similarities and differences between two things |
| chronological order writing | a writing that is organized into steps or an order that include first, second, .. |
| cause and effect writing | a writing that looks at how one thing leads to another like a kids who is smoking later gets cancer |
| question and answer writing | a writing that starts with something you want to know and then goes about answering the question |
| transition words | next, after, first, also, finally, later |
| plot | the problem faced by the main character in the story |
| setting | where the story takes place |
| main characters | if you can take them out of the story and it doesn't really change the way the story will go they aren't a main character |
| climax | the high point in the story; this is usually a decision that changes how the story will turn out like living or diing |
| resolution | the answer to the plot |
| antagonist | bad person or character in the story |
| protagonist | the good person or character in the story |
| dialogue in writing | Writing that involves a conversation between two people; this would require quotation marks; Example: John whispered, "Are you sure you want to go into the haunted house?" |
| suspense in writing | writing that involves some sort of mystery or clues that have to be solved |
| introductory paragraph | the first paragraph in the story; it contains the main idea |
| concluding paragraph | the last paragraph in the story; this is where you restate the most important things from the story |
| main idea | The word or idea that is repeated throughout the entire story, not just in one paragraph or sentence |
| supporting details | the ideas that add information about the main idea |
| narrative writing | writing as the narrator |
| persuasive writing | trying to get someone to change their mind or believe what you believe like a commercial selling something |
| informational writing | like a textbook |
| table of contents | shows how the book is organized and what the major sections of the book are |
| preface | gives you a summary of what the story or book will be like |
| index or indices | gives you page numbers |
| appendix or appendices | at the end of the book and contains extra things like maps, charts, and graphs |
| glossary | gives you definitions |
| thesaurus | provides you with synonyms and antonyms of a word |
| title page | gives you the title and author of the book |
| dictionary | gives you definitions, parts of speech, and how to pronounce the word |
| almanac | book of facts about one year in time |
| encyclopedia | gives you lots of information about a topic |
| atlas | book of maps |
| adjective | describes a noun and has to be married to another word if you want to touch it |
| noun | person, place, or thing; usually can be touched |
| verb | action; what you can do; can be written in the present, past, or future tense |
| adverb | must be married to a verb; answers the question HOW; usually has "ly" |
| commas | Should be used in a list (chips, drinks, and cookies); used after Love, Sincerely,: Used after DEAR SANTA,; used between city and state ATHENS, GA; used after introductory words that answer questions like YES or NO; used before words like BUT |
| syllables | a vowel must be in every syllable; break up double consonant words into two syllables like RUN/NING or SWIM/MING |
| declarative | a statement of fact;most sentences are these; ends in a period |
| imperative | a command or request; doesn't have a noun at the beginning; ends in a period |
| exclamatory | excited; ends in an !!!!! |
| interrogative | a question; ends in a ?????? |
| simple subject | the main word in the subject; usually the last word before the predicate begins |
| simple predicate | the main verb; usually next to the simple subject |
| complete subject | all the words that describe the subject |
| complete predicate | all the words that are related to or describe the verb |
| compound subject | two subjects connected by a conjunction |
| compound predicate | two verbs connected by a conjunction |
| fragment | not a complete sentence or thought; you feel like you have missed part of the conversation |
| simple sentence | a sentence with a noun and verb |
| complex sentence | a simple sentence with a dependent clause add on to it; the extra part can't make a sentence by itself, it has to be with the other sentence to make sense |
| compound sentence | two sentences put together with a conjunction like AND, OR, NOR, BUT, EITHER, NEITHER |
| literal meaning | take each word at its actual meaning; not realizing that that the tone of voice or other things may change the meaning of the word |
| idiom | a phrase that can't be taken literally; examples include "let the cat out of the bag" and "head over heals in love" |
| simile | a comparison that does use like or as |
| metaphor | a comparison that doesn't use like or as |
| hyperbole | an exageration that is funny |
| onomatopoeia | urrr, slurrp, ow, and other sounds that we try to spell out |
| alliteration | Lovely lollipops laid next to Larry's lamp. |
| pun | using words in a funny or different way |
| personification | treating an animal or object like it is a person; making it talk, drive a car, or something like that |
| conjunction | and, or, nor, but, either, neither |
| pronoun | he, she, it, us, we, I, you, they me |
| possessive pronoun | mine, ours, his, hers, theirs, yours |
| area | length times width or you can count the number of squares inside the shape |
| perimeter | add up all the sides |
| expanded form | 4,382 is 4000 + 300 + 80 + 2 |
| word form | 4382 is four thousand, three hundred eighty-two |
| standard form | 4382 |
| hundredths | second number to the right of the decimal; same as pennies; .82 the 2 |
| tenths | first place to the right of the decimal; dimes place; .82 is the 8 |
| rounding to the 10 | one zero |
| rounding to the 100 | two zeroes |
| rounding to the 1000 | three zeroes |
| rounding to the 10,000 | four zeroes |
| rounding to the 100,000 | five zeroes |
| estimate | about; always use as many zeroes as possible |
| rounding to nearest whole number | round to the one's place and think of it like money; you know it is the one's place because it will have the word dollar next to it when you change it to money |
| dividend | the biggest number in the division problem |
| divisior | what you are dividing by |
| quotient | the answer to the division problem |
| remainder | can never be equal to or bigger than the divisor; if it is you need to add one to the quotient |
| 360 divided by 60 | same as 36 divided by 6; remember that you can remove a zero from one side if you can do the same from the other side |
| 5400 divided by 90 | same as 540 divided by 9 |
| .25 | equivalent to 1/4th |
| .5 or .50 | equivalent to 1/2 |
| .75 | equivalent to 3/4th |
| .1 or .10 | equivalent to 1/10th |
| .95 | equivalent to 95/100th |
| equivalent fractions | two fractions that take up the same amount of space; you can cross multiply to check this |
