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| What were the four main causes of WWI? | militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism |
| Why was imperialism a cause of WWI? | Conflicts developed between rival nations over trade and land claims |
| What was the immediate cause of World War I? | The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo by a Serian nationalist on June 28, 1914 |
| In 1914, why did a local conflict in the Balkans lead to a world war? | alliances, nationalism, and imperialism |
| What foreign policy did the U.S. follow at the outbreak of war in Europe? | neutrality |
| What countries made up the Central Powers in 1914? | Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) |
| What countries made up the Allied Powers in 1914? | Britain, France, Russia, and Italy |
| What was trench warfare? | The defending of a position by fighting from the protection of deep ditches |
| What new technologies were used in the fighting of WWI? | U-boats, aircraft, blimps, poison gas, machine guns, tanks, and heavy artillery |
| What is a primary source of information? | historical documents, written accounts by a firsthand witness, or objects that may have survived from the past event |
| How did the outbreak of WWI impact the U.S. economy? | U.S. trade increased |
| How was our trade policy of neutrality and "freedom of the seas" threatened between 1914 and 1917? | U-boat attacks and blockades of the European coast |
| What was the Zimmerman Note? | It was a telegram from the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman, to the Mexican government offering an alliance and help to get Mexico back the lost provinces of Texas, New Mexico, and California if Mexico would become an ally if the U.S. joined the Allied Powers. It was intercepted and angered the U.S. to the point that Congress finally declared war on Germany. |
| What was Woodrow Wilson's famous quote when asking Congress to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917? | "We must make the world safe for democracy" |
| Which alliance was the U.S. a member of in WWI? | The Allied Powers |
| How did the Communist takeover of the Russian government, in 1917, affect the war? | Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers ceding Russian land and withdrew from the war. This enabled the Central Powers to move troops to the Western Front. |
| Why did Congress pass the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918? | To limit war opposition in the U.S. |
| Why was Charles Schenck arrested by the government? | He was distributing pamphlet urging men to resist the draft. This was a violation of the Espionage Act. |
| What issues was being argued in Schenck v. United States (1919)? | Freedom of sppech and of the press- First Amendment Rights |
| What "test" was created by the court to distinguish between protected and unprotected speech? | The "Clear and Present Danger Doctrine" |
| How did the Supreme Court rule on the Schenck v. United States case in 1919? | Schenck pamphlet urging men to resist the draft was NOT protected by the First Amendment rights of freedom of the press and speech. The court ruled that the Espionage Act of 1917 was constitutional. |
| How did civilians support the war effort? | Bought Liberty Bonds, supported a tax increase, grew Victory Gardens, supported Meatless Mondays and Wheatless Wednesdays,a nd many women worked in factories |
| Why did many African Americans migrate to the north during the war? | To seek factory jobs and opportunity |
| How did many women help the war effort at home and also gain support for the suffrage movment? | worked in factories to support the war effort |
| What was the Selective Service Act of 1917? | It enabled the military to institute a draft. All males between 21-30 had to register and could be chosen for military service by a lottery. |
| What was the American Expeditionary Force? | The AEF was the U.S. fighting force sent to Europe |
| Who led and trained the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)? | General John J. Pershing |
| What was the Armistice and when did it take effect? | The Armistice was a truce and it took effect at 11:00 A.M. on Novemeber 11, 1918. |
| What was the main goal of President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points Plan? | To prevent future wars |
| How was Germany punished in the Treaty of Versailles? | Had to accept total blame for the war, had to pay reparations to the Allied Powers of $33 billion, lost territory, lost colonies, and their military force was limited in size and weaponry |
| Who were the "Big Four" at the peace negoitations? | David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S. |
| What were the goals of President Wilson's Fourteen Points peace plan? | End secret alliances, establish freedom of the seas, end trade restrictions, reduce military, settle colonial claims, self-dermination, settle borders, and establish a League of Nations |
| What European countries were established as a result of the Treaty of Versailles? | Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia |
| Why was there opposition to the ratification of the Treaty of Versaillies in the U.S. and in the Senate? | Many oposed U.S. membership in a League of Nations because they feared U.S. military involvement in another European war. |
| What were the two main goals of the League of Nations? | encourage democracy and settle international disputes peacefully |
