| A | B |
|---|
| Mandates | Territories of defeated WWI countries which were set up as "trusteeships" under care of sponsoring countries and newly created League of Nations |
| Doctrine of self determination | Belief that people with common identities have the right to form their own sovereign states |
| naval blockades, trench warfare, | New war tactics of World War I |
| Reparations | payment for war expenses |
| Home front | New tactic of World War I; outcome of war hinged on ability of each nation to mobilize its economy and involve citizens in supporting war effort. As a result, citizens were often targeted by enemies |
| alliance | an agreement between countries; sometimes this agreement would be to provide military aid in the event one's ally was attacked |
| zeppelins | Germans used this aircraft to drop bombs on civilians |
| conscription | compulsory draft; men were required to serve as soldiers |
| Schlieffan Plan | Germany's military plan to defend two fronts. To be successful, it had to be quickly implemented. |
| Central Powers | World War One alliance between Germany, Austria, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria |
| Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points | During peace talks after WWI, this plan identified steps for peace in Europe |
| League of Nations | Peacekeeping organization established after World War I |
| machine guns, poison gas, tanks, planes, submarines | New military technologies of World War I |
| Allied Powers of WWI | Alliance between Great Britain, France, Russia, and later Italy and Japan |
| Mustapha Kemal | Leader of Turkish army during WWI who would later become leader of independence movement of Turkey after the end of the Ottoman Empire. |
| dreadnoughts | A World War I destroyer ship; Britain and Germany both increased their military weapons, especially naval power in the years before World War I |
| nationalism | Exalting a country above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or groups |
| proletariat | working class; Marx said they would begin a revolution |
| kulaks | wealthy peasants who owned land in Russia who resisted Stalin's collectivization of farms. Stalin killed them without a trial or sent them to labor camps |
| Russian Civil War of 1917 | After the Tsar was removed from the throne, a provisional government was set up. Lenin led the Bolsheviks to take over the provisional government and this led to a war |
| Democratic centralism | Lenin's Marxist inspired idea where a central party would make decisions for the people. It is the basis for communism. |
| bourgeosie | owners of factories; Marx said they would be overthrown by the working class |
| Joseph Stalin | took over as head of Communist Party after Lenin died |
| The Great Purge | Stalin executed or put in labor camps anyone who disagreed with him |
| Lenin | Leader of the Communist revolution in Russia and first dictator of Soviet Union |
| Red Army | Name of Lenin's army of Bolsheviks; also refers to Russian army during WWII |
| Stalin's 5 Year Plan | Transformed the Soviet Union from a predominately agricultural country to a leading industrial power. It set targets for increased productivity in mostly heavy industry and took privately owned land to create collective farm units. |
| Communist party | Name of political party that ruled Russia from 1917 until 1991. |
| Bolsheviks | Russian workers who were Lenin's "Vanguard group" and helped promote the Russian Revolution |
| Karl Marx | Wrote the Communist Manifesto in which he stated that the proletariat would eventually join together and overthrow the bourgeosie. The new world after the revolution would be classless and government would no longer be necessary. |
| intelligentsia | college students and college professors who promoted rebellions against the absolute monarchy in Russia |
| socialism | economic system based on public ownership of the resources and factors of production rather than private ownership so that goods and services can be distributed equally |
| Republic of China | sometimes referred as the Chinese Nationalists; it was the first government in China after the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty |
| Mao Zedong | Leader of the Communist takeover of China; he eventually became the Communist dictator in China |
| Deng Xiaoping | Chinese leader who changed China's direction and reformed foreign trade, education, and the economy |
| Jiang Jieshi or Chiang Kai Shek | Established a dictatorship in China after the death of Dr. Yatsen; he led the Nationalists against the Japanese during WWII and was eventually pushed to Taiwan when he was replaced by the Communist Party |
| The Great Leap Forward | Mao Zedong's plan to free China from Soviet control and improve China's economy through the people's effort. It not only emphasized heavy industry but also agriculture and more government control at the local level. |
| People's Republic of China | the name of the communist party in China; |
| command economy | Economy where the government or a central committee makes all of the decisions |
| Qing Dynasty | Manchu Dynasty that was overthrown by the Chinese Revolution of 1911 |
| Cultural Revolution | Mao Zedong's attempt to remake China and remove all signs of traditions in China. It removed the Chinese bureaucracy and universities in order to promote more equality. |
| China's 5 Year Plan | It nationalized industry and created collective farms in China. |
| Mixed economy | an economy where the free market is limited by some Government control. Private ownership of businesses is allowed with Government regulation. China's economy eventually moved from a command economy to a mixed economy. |
| Dr. Sun Yatsen | Leader of Chinese Nationalists who overturned the Qing Dynasty and created the Republic of China |
| Tiananmen Crisis of 1989 | Protest by students in Beijing who criticized China's corruption in government and demanded democratic reforms. the Protest was crushed by the military. |
| Empress Cixi | Controlled the Qing Dynasty during last years and prevented China from successfully modernizing and industrializing |
