| A | B |
|---|
| Developing Country | Term that analysts use instead of the term "less developed country." |
| Economic Development | Process of improving economic/material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology. |
| Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) | Compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making. |
| Gender-related Development Index (GDI) | Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes. |
| Gross Domestic Product | Value of the total number of goods and services produced in a country in a given period of time (normally one year). Also known as GNI (Gross National Income). |
| Gross National Product | Like "gross domestic product," only the incomes that people earn abroad are also considered. |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | Created by the United Nations to recognize a country's level of development as function of three factors: economic, social, and demographic factors. |
| Less Developed Country (LDC) | Country in an earlier stage of development. Several analysts prefer the term "developing country." |
| Literacy Rate | Percentage of a country's people who can read and write. |
| More Developed Country (MDC) | Also known as a relatively developed country or a developed country, country that has progressed further along the development continuum. |
| Neo-colonialism | Country that displays economic dependence on another country; a country that displays so much economic independence on another country, that it seems to be a colony of the independent country. |
| Primary Sector | Where workers extract materials from Earth through agriculture, and sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry; the portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. |
| Productivity | Value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it. |
| Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) | What a state's dollar can actually buy compared to another state's dollar; what a country is able to buy. |
| Quarternary Sector | Sector that includes jobs that focus on business services, such as trade, insurance, banking, advertising, and wholesaling. |
| Rostow's "Modernization Model" | Model created by W.W. Rostow in the 1950's that gives an idea of where a country is in their stage of development. There are five stages in this model, including: 1. "The traditional society," 2. "The preconditions for takeoff," 3. "The takeoff," 4. "The drive to maturity," 5. "The age of mass consumption." |
| Secondary Sector | Portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing the process, transformation, and assembly of raw materials into useful products. |
| Structural Adjustment Programs | Economic policies that encourage international trade. |
| Tertiary Sector | Portion of the economy concerned with the transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. |
| Value Added | Gross value of the product minus the cost of raw materials and energy. |
| gender | category of classifying human reflecting and not just biological but also social differences between men and women |
| gender gap | difference in social, economic, and political power and opportunity between men and women |
| gender imbalance | unequal number of men and women in a place |
| genocide | killing of one racial or ethnic group by another |
| ghetto | ethnic neighborhood created by government, social, or economic presures, causing people of one ethnicity to live together |
| independent innovation (or invention) | invention of the same phenomenon by two culture hearths without knowing about the other's invention or sometimes existence |
| indo-gangetic hearth | hearth near the Indus and Ganges rivers where Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikkhism originated |
| interfaith boundary | boudnary that divides space between two or more religions |
| intrafaith boundary | boundary that divides space among different groups within a particular religion, such as among branches, denominations, or sects |
