| A | B |
|---|
| Agribusiness | system of commercial farming found in the United States and other relatively developed countries. |
| Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
| Cereal Grain | A grass yielding grain for food. ex. oats, wheat, rye, or barley |
| Chaff | Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing. |
| Combine | A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans gram while moving over a field. |
| Commercial Agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. |
| Crop | Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season. |
| Crop Rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil |
| Desertification | Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. |
| Double Cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field. To grow two crops on the same land. |
| Grain | Seed of a cereal grass. |
| Green Revolution | rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. |
| Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers |
| Hull | The outer covering of a seed |
| Intensive Subsistence Agriculture | A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. |
| Milkshed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied. |
| Paddy | Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah. |
| Pastoral Nomadism | A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. |
| Pasture | Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing. |
| Plantation | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country. |
| Prime Agriculture Land | The most productive farmland. |
| Ranching | A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area. |
| Reaper | A machine that cuts grain standing in the field. |
| Ridge Tillage | System of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation. |
| Sawah | A flooded field for growing rice |
| Seed Agriculture | Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization. |
| Slash-and-burn Agriculture | Another name for shifring cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris. |
| Spring Wheat | Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer. |
| Subsistence Agriculture | Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family |
| Shifting Cultivation | A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. |
| Sustainable Agriculture | Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides. |
| Swidden | A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning. |
| Thresh | To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it. |
| Transhumance | The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. |
| Truck Farming | Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning batering or the exchange of commodities. |
| Vegetative Planting | Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants, such as cutting stems and dividing roots. |
| Winnow | To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind. |
| Wet Rice | Rice planted on dryland in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. |
| Winter Wheat | Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the summer. |
