| A | B |
|---|
| Geography | influenced where medieval Europeans settled and what they did. |
| Europe is a continent, but it is also a very large | peninsula |
| Rivers | made it easy to travel into the interior of Europe. |
| Seas and rivers provided | safety and encouraged trade in Europe. |
| Mountain ranges in Europe | made it difficult for one group to rule all of Europe. |
| Clovis | a Frankisk king who became a Catholic |
| Charles Martel | defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours |
| Europe's major religion | Christianity |
| Pepin | defeated the Lombards; donated the conquered lands to the pope |
| Papal States | lands ruled by the pope as if he was king |
| Charlemagne | defeated the Saxons; crowned king by the pope |
| Aachen | the capital of Charlemagne's empire |
| This king believed that education was important | Charlemagne |
| German king who fought the Magyars and protected the pope | OttoI |
| Sent monks as missionaries into Europe | Pope Gregory I |
| fjord | steep-sided valleys that are inlets of the sea |
| Who were the Vikings? | people from Scandinavia who raided Europe; skilled sailors |
| What role did monks play in medieval Europr? | provided food and ret to travelers; cared for the sick, copied important written works;taught school |
| missionary | a person who is sent out to teach his or her religion |
| excommunicate | to exclude from church membership |
| concordat | an agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country |
| Gregory VII | decreed that kings should not appoint church officials |
| Roman emperor who refused to obey Gregory VII; was excommunicated | HenryIV |
| Who disagreed about the power of the pope versus the power of the king? | Gregory VII and Henry IV |
