| A | B |
| Palestine | City were Christianity was founded |
| Constantine | Adopted Christianity as the official religion of the empire |
| Aristocrats | Members of the nobility or upper class |
| Constantinople | Byzantine capital |
| Justinian | Ruler at the height of the Byzantine Empire |
| Clergy | churech officials such as priest and bishops |
| Muhammad | Prophet of Islam |
| Vikings | Scandinavian pirates who raided coastal cities in western Europe |
| Five Pillars | Essential duties that all Muslims are to fulfill |
| Hajj | annual pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Mosque | Muslim place of worship |
| Mecca | Holiest city of Islam |
| Jesus | Founder of Christianity |