| A | B |
|---|
| Watson and Crick | 2 cocky nerds who figured out the double helix structure |
| Rosalind Franklin | scientist who provided x-ray diffraction pictures |
| nucleotide | sugar & phosphate & nitrogen base |
| double helix | "twisted ladder" structure of the DNA molecule |
| purine | a 2-ringed molecule (hexagon and pentagon) |
| pyrimidine | a single-ringed hexagonal molecule |
| adenine | A |
| thymine | T |
| guanine | G |
| cytosine | C |
| uracil | U |
| semiconservative replication | when parental strands of DNA separate, becoming template strands and 1/2 of new DNA strands |
| DNA helicase | enzyme responsible for unzipping the DNA strand |
| RNA primase | adds a short segment of RNA onto each DNA strand |
| DNA polymerase | enzyme that adds new nucleotides to the DNA strand |
| okazaki fragments | 100-200 base pair chunks of DNA which are replicated in the opposite direction of the leading strand |
| replication bubble | site where replication occurs, strand is unzipped, many of these form along one strand of DNA- anywhere replication is happening |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| tRNA | transfer RNA |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA |
| transcription | DNA is converted into mRNA |
| RNA polymerase | initiates the adding of RNA nucleotides |
| introns | "filler" or extra code which is NOT in final mRNA |
| exons | coding sequences that DO code for mRNA |
| codon | a 3-base code in DNA or RNA |
| translation | mRNA codons are read and translated into amino acids |
