| A | B |
|---|
| What is the definition of biology? | The science that focuses on studying life. p.1 |
| What are the 10 levels of biological organization starting from the biggest? | 1) Biosphere 2) Ecosystem 3) Communities 4) Populations 5) Organism 6) Organs and organ systems 7) Tissues 8) Cells 9) Organelles 10) Molecules p.4 |
| The thin layer of earth where life can be found is called the ____. | biosphere p.4 |
| The living and non-living things that interact in a particular area are grouped together as a(n) ___. | ecosystem p.4 |
| All of the living things in a particular area are grouped together as a(n) ___. | community p.4 |
| Members of the same species (for example, Virginia white-tailed deer) that live together in a particular area are grouped together as a(n) ___. | population p.4 |
| A body part consisting of two or more tissues that has a particular function is called a(n) ___. | organ p.5 |
| The lungs, heart, and blood vessels work together as part of a(n) ___. | organ system p.5 |
| The fundamental unit of structure and function in all life forms is a(n) ___. | cell p.5 |
| A group of similar cells that work together is called a(n) ___. | tissue p.5 |
| Structures inside of cells, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, are called ___. | organelles p.5 |
| A structure consisting of two or more atoms bonded together with covalent bonds is called a(n) ___. | molecule p.5 |
| In order for biological systems to self-regulate (think body temperature or blood sugar level), your body requires information about it's surroundings that can cause the body to change what it is doing (for example, producing goose bumps or insulin). This type of information, and the changes that result, is called ___. | feedback p.10 |
| The type of feedback in which the accumulation of an end product of a process (think blood sugar) causes that process to start slowing down (insulin production is triggered by high blood sugar levels and causes cells to take sugar out of the blood and store it) is called ____ feedback. | negative feedback (Note: Negative in this case does not have anything to do with good or bad. It has to do with the directiion that things will start to move in. Negative feedback will eventually slow down or reverse the current trend. For example, increasing body temperature is a feedback that will cause you to sweat and ultimately, to cool down. Cooling body temperature and goose bumps along with shivering causes the same reversal of the body temperature trend. Therefore, they are both negative feedbacks.) p.10 |
| The type of feedback in which the accumulation of an end product of a process (think global warming) causes that process to start speeding up even more (Global warming causes the ice caps and glaciers to melt. This snow cover used to keep the Earth cooler by reflecting sunlight out into space. Now that it is melting, global warming can speed up even further) is called ____ feedback. | positive feedback (Note, the word positive in this definition doesn't necessarily mean good. It means that the feedback causes the trend in the system to continue in the same direction at a sped up rate) p.11 |
| Starting with "Domain" and ending with "species," what are the eight levels of modern taxonomic classification? | Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (Just remember the question "Did King Phillip's court order fresh green salad?" to remember the first letters of each level in order) p.12 |
| What are the main differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell? | Prokaryotic cells are smaller and lack a nucleus as well as most other organelles. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. p.8 |
| In contrast to chemical nutrients, which _____ within an ecosystem, energy flows through an ecosystem, usually entering as ____ and exiting as _____. | recycle, light, heat p.7 |
| A chromosome is made of one long strand of ____ wrapped tightly around ball-shaped proteins. | DNA p.8 |
| Each chromosome contains many sections that each have the instructions for making one protein. These sections are called ___. | genes p.8 |
| A gene has the code for putting together a(n) ____. | protein p.8 |
| DNA is made of subunits called ___. | nucleotides p.9 |
| ______ accounts for life's unity and diversity. | Evolution p.14 |
| What mechanism did Darwin propose as a cause of evolutionary descent with modification? | natural selection p.15 |
| Recorded observations are called ___. | data p.18 |
| The type of data that is usually in the form of descriptive observations is called____. | qualitative data p.18 |
| The type of data that is usually in the form of recorded measurements is called____. | quantitative data p.18 |
| A(n) ____ is an educated prediction about the answer to a well-framed question where the prediction can be tested. | hypothesis p.19 |
| What are two important qualities of a scientific hypothesis? | 1) It has to be testable 2) It has to be falsifiable (there must be the possibility that some type of data could prove the hypothesis wrong) p.20 |
| The group of test subjects in an experiment that are used for comparison purposes is called the ___ group. | control p.22 |
| An experiment in which only one variable is made intentionally different and is designated as the independent (or manipulated variable) is called a(n) ______ experiment. | controlled p.22 |
| A generalized statement that is based on a lot of scientific evidence is called a(n) ____. | scientific theory (For example, the theory of evolution is a generalized statement about how organisms change and new species are formed and is supported by evidence from geology, paleontology, comparitive anatomy and physiology, biochemistry, and genetics) p.23 |
| What is the fundamental organizing principle of biology and the core theme of this book? | evolution p.1 |
| A tentative answer to a well-framed question is called a(n) ___. | hypothesis p.19 |
| An explanation that is broad in scope, generates new hypotheses, and is supported by a large body of evidence is called a(n) ____. | theory p.23 |
| Life's fundamental unit of structure and function is called the ___. | cell p.5 |
| A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change is called ___. | positive feedback p.11 |
| A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins is called ___. | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) p.8 |
| An experiment in which an experimental group is compared to a control group and varies only (to as great a degree as possible) in the factor being tested is called a(n) ___. | controlled experiment p.22 |
| One of the major themes of biology is the correlation between the structure of an organism (or part of an organisms) and its _____. | function p.7 |
| The sequence of _____ along a gene is transcribed into ____, which is then translated into a specific _____ with a unique ___ and function. | nucleotides, RNA, protein, shape p.9 |
| A scientific hypothesis leads to ______ that can be tested by making additional observations or by performing experiments. | predictions p.19 |
